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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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When to urgently refer patients with diabetic retinopathy? |
*Maculopathy
*Severe non-proliferative retinopathy --large blot hemorrhage, cotton whool spots, engorged toruos veins.
*Proliferative retinopathy -- fine new vessels appear on the optic disc, retina and can cause viterous hemmorhage.
(Also, sudden losse of vision, retinal detachment, viteral or pre-retinal hemorrhage, rubeosis iridis) |
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Dots? |
Microaneurysm |
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Blots? |
Hemorrhages / flame shaped |
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Hard exudates? |
Yellow patches |
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Squint other names? |
Strabismus, tropia |
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Vincristine ophthalmologic SE? |
Toxic optic neuropathy |
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Ethambutol SE? |
Color blindness, restriction of visual fields, loss of visual acuity |
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Ptosis is due to? |
dysfunction of the muscles that raise the eyelid or their nerve supply (oculomotor nerve for levator palpebrae superioris and sympathetic nerves for superior tarsal muscle). |
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Holmes Adie Syndrome? |
Tonically dialated pupil that doesn't respond to light (but responds to near) |
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Tx of posterior viterous detachment in the elderly? |
No tx is required |
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Cupping of optic disk --> characteristic of glaucoma |
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Mean value of intraocular pressure? |
15-16 mmHg (21 is the upper limit for normal) |
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Common causes of cataract over the age of 40? |
Diabetes Glaucoma Macular degeneration |
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Sudden loss of vision, pale disk and cherry red spot fovea suggests? |
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) |
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Seidle's sign? |
Sickle shaped scotomata in chronic simple glaucoma |
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Treatment for chronic glaucoma? |
Pilocarpine (mitotic) - direct cholinergic agonist - |
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RP |
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Emedastine, olopatadine? |
Anti-histamine drops |
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Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) presentation? |
Dramatic visual loss Afferent pupil defect Retina appears white + red cherry spot on fovea |
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CRAO Mx |
Reduce the IOP to improve perfusion by: Occular massage or Remove aqeous surgically or Use of antihypertensive treatment |
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Which is commoner CRAO or CRVO (Vein)? |
CRVO |
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CRVO Subtypes? |
Ischemic and non-ischemic |
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Finding on examination of CRVO? |
Ischemic: cotton whool spots, swollen optic nerve, macular edema, risk of neovascularization. |
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CRVO Mx? |
Do fundus fluorecence angiogram to determine the degree of ischemia Pan-retinal photocoagulation to treat or prevent neovascularization |
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Age related macular degeneration main symptom? |
Central vision loss |
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Primary open angle glucoma main symptom? |
Visual firld defect from optic nerve damage |
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Associations of eye Disease to systemic conditions? |
Anterior uveitis - Ankylosing spondylitis Scleritis - Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Spondyloarthropathies, vasculitis |
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Mooren's ulcer? |
Progressive painful ulcerative keratitis |
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Keratotorus? |
Pellucid marginal degeneration - degenerative thinning of the cornea (marginal dystrophy of the cornea) |
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Optic papillitis? |
Form of optic neuritis - inflm if the optic nerve head |
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Symptoms of optic papillitis? |
Loss of visual field Painful eye movement |
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