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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abnormal proliferation of cells
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Cancer
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Damaged DNA
Impaired Immune system |
Etiology of Cancer~ Key concept
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Cancer originates in the genes that contorl cell growth and replication.
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Molecular origin
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Activation of growth
Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor genes Alterations in genes that control apoptosis Failure of genes that repair DNA |
Molecular
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Age
Hereditary Enviroment |
External
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Immunity system with age becomes less able to be a good system
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Age
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50 types of cancers have a hereditay diposition
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Hereditary
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Viruses
Radiation Chemical Drugs and Hormones |
Environment
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Malignat transfomation
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Carcinogens
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What stage?
Carcinogenic agent penetrates the nucleous, it results in DNA damage/mutation |
Stage 1: Initiation
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Where the activation of oncogens occurs. The growht is enhanced and promotedf by drugs hormones and chemicals
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Stage 2: Promotion
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Where the tumor cells aquire malignant phenotypic changes, promotem invasiveness, and develop autonomus growth tendencies.
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Stage 3: Progression
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Once size is greater than 1cm it is detectable. Once the tumor is detected TAF is produced. What does TAF do?
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TAF=Tumor Angiogenesis factor
Stimulates the branching of blood vessels into itself, now able to have the oxygen and nutrients it needs to survive |
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What is it called when cells move from one area to another?
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Metastasis
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Cells break off and forrm subcolonies.
Tumor produces an enzyme that lyse teh cell walls of normal tissue and invades area They then release autocrine motility factor. |
metastasis
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calls other cancer cells to area
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Autocrine motility factor
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once a tumor has metasti. what is it called
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A secondary tumor
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What do the new cells penertrate and how do they travel
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the new cells penetrate
Blood Lymph Body Cavities They travel throught the Blood Lymph |
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It is just in the surrounding tissues
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Local Metastasis (seeding)
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Distant tissues and organs and gets there by lymph and blood transport systems
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Distant metastisis
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Prostate
Lung Colon/Rectum |
Cancer incident Site: Male
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Breast
Lung colon/rectum |
Cancer incidence site: Female
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The first step in IDENTIFYING TUMOR CELLS
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Grading
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Looks at
Cell characteristics Agressiveness Malignancy How much it resembles original cell |
What grading looks at
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Unable to grade
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Gx
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Well differentiated
Resembles parent cell |
G1
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Moderatly differentiated
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G2
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Poorly differentiated
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G3
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Very poorly differentiated
No resemblance to parent cell at all. |
G4
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Agreed system used for solid tumors internationally
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TNM
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