Oncology

Front 1

Basic: how does chemotherapy work?

Back 1

Prevents cancer cells from growing or reproducing

Front 2

Most common chemo drug?

Back 2

Interleukin 2 (IL-2)

Front 3

Common side effects of IL-2?

Back 3

Fever, chills, nausea, dizziness, increased heart rate

Front 4

Big caution for chemo admin. especially Doxoburicin?

Back 4

Avoiding toxic chemical spills

Front 5

Major common side effect for Cytarabine?

Back 5

Red, painful feet

Front 6

Precaution immediatley after chemo admin?

Back 6

Wait 25min post admin

Front 7

Common allergic reactions for chemo?

Back 7

1) Fever
2) Chills
3) SOB
4) Back pain
5) Chest pain

Front 8

1) S&S of low Hgb?
2) what levels constitute low HgB?

Back 8

1) SOB, blue lips, fatigue (basically hypoxia S&S)
2) < 8 g/dl

Front 9

S&S of Myelosuppression?

Back 9

bleeding gums, peticiae, eccymosis

Front 10

PT precaution for pt who are myelosuppressed or thrombocytopenic?

Back 10

Use gait belt!

Front 11

What level indicates low platelets?

Back 11

< 20,000/cmm

Front 12

Low levels for ANC and precautions?

Back 12

1) < 1.0 (1000) = avoid crowded gyms
2) < .5 (500) = Afibrile (light exercise) or Fibrile

Front 13

Lymphedema is most commonly from (2)?

Back 13

1) vasectomy
2) lymph node removal (dissection)

Front 14

How can cancer cause hypercalcemia?

Back 14

Tumors secrete a protein that stimulates calcium reasborption and bone destruction

Front 15

Symptoms of hypercalcemia?

Back 15

1) Change in mental status
2) Neurologic changes
3) Altered gait

Front 16

What is unique about astrocytomas?

Back 16

They can spread to almost anywhere in brain or spinal cord?

Front 17

Glioblastoma multiforme?

Back 17

A grade IV astroforme that grows rapidly.
Less the 6mo. life expectancy.

Front 18

What is unique about oligoendrogliomas?

Back 18

Tumor cells that produce myelin. They do NOT spread to surrounding brain tissue.

Front 19

Characteristic of Meningiomas?

Back 19

Usually benign.

Front 20

S&S of brain tumors(8)?

Back 20

1) HAs
2) Nausea/vomiting
3) Changes in speech, vision or hearing
4) Problems with gait
5) Changes in mood, personality or ability to concentrate
6) Problems with memory
7) Seizures/convulsions
8) Paresthesia down limbs

Front 21

Brain cancer often presents like what other patient?

Back 21

Stroke patient

Front 22

Primary goal of caring for a brain cancer pt?

Back 22

Safety with mobility

Front 23

Examples of how one would work on safety with mobility?

Back 23

1) safety with transfers
2) family education (transfers, gait belt and ambulation)
3) *floor transfers in case there is a fall

Front 24

What other cancer simulates a brain cancer pt? Unique characteristic of this condition?

Back 24

1) Metastatic melanoma
2) Clinical presentations typically don't occur until it's stage 4

Front 25

most common form of metastatic lung cancer, characteristic and major goal during treatment?

Back 25

1) non small cell lung cancer
2) grows more slowly than small cell
3)Major goal is to conserve energy

Front 26

Cancer of plasma cells?

Back 26

Multiple myeloma

Front 27

Which cancer are fractures especially frequent?

Back 27

Multiple myeloma

Front 28

How is multiple myeloma treated?

Back 28

bone marrow transplant only

Front 29

Mechanism of renal cell cancer? How is it usually discovered? What is a prophylactic measure taken for these patients?

Back 29

1) Produces high levels of calcium and increased osteoclast activity
2) Usually discovered after a long bone fracture
3) Medullary nail in long bone

Front 30

3 common benign soft tissue tumors?

Back 30

1) Lipoma (fat)
2) Leiomyomas ("smooth tissue"
3) Neurofibroma (nerve)

Front 31

what is a hip disarticulation and what are its indications?

Back 31

1) amputation of the entire LE at the acetabulum
2) Indications: Trauma, multiple LE amputations, failed vascular procedures

Front 32

Modification of hip disarticulation that salvages the proximal femur?

Back 32

Internal Hemipelvectomy

Front 33

What are common complications from Internal hemipelvectomy?

Back 33

Issues with sciatic and femoral nerve

Front 34

Precaution of pt's with hemipelvectomy brace?

Back 34

Check skin integrity daily!

Front 35

Considerable limitations for pts with hemipelvectomies and hip disarticulations

Back 35

Rising up, sitting down, walking and climbing stairs (DUH!)

Front 36

Advice for helping to diminish phantom pain?

Back 36

heel pumps or ask patient to imagine pushing heel into the bed

Front 37

According to oncology lady,"BIGGEST" role of a PT in the acute clinic

Back 37

D/C planning

Front 38

5 oncological emergencies?

Back 38

1) Spinal cord compression
2) Tumor lysis syndrome
3) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
4) Pulmonary Embolism
5) DVT

Front 39

Describe a spinal cord compression

Back 39

When a malignancy from an adjacent vertebra sneaks in and gets all up in that epidural

Front 40

S&S of spinal cord compression

Back 40

1) localized or radicular pain
2) B&B problems
3) sensory deficits
4) presents like a mild SCI
5) New onset LE or trunk weakness

Front 41

Advice for helping to diminish phantom pain?

Back 41

heel pumps or ask patient to imagine pushing heel into the bed

Front 42

According to oncology lady,"BIGGEST" role of a PT in the acute clinic

Back 42

D/C planning

Front 43

5 oncological emergencies?

Back 43

1) Spinal cord compression
2) Tumor lysis syndrome
3) Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
4) Pulmonary Embolism
5) DVT

Front 44

Describe a spinal cord compression

Back 44

When a malignancy from an adjacent vertebra sneaks in and gets all up in that epidural

Front 45

S&S of spinal cord compression

Back 45

1) localized or radicular pain
2) B&B problems
3) sensory deficits
4) presents like a mild SCI
5) New onset LE or trunk weakness

Front 46

Describe tumor lysis sydrome

Back 46

Metabolic dysfunction that results from spontaneous or treatment related tumor necrosis

Front 47

what is an acute PTs biggest limitation?

Back 47

PAIN NIGGA!

Front 48

Describe DIC?

Back 48

Activated coagulation with bleeding or thromus

Front 49

Signs of DVT

Back 49

Redness, fullness, tenderness, warmth, shiny

Front 50

Most prevelant symptom reported by cancer pts?

Back 50

Fatigue

Front 51

Pt approach for fatigue?

Back 51

Interventions to manage fatigue and education on energy conservation

Front 52

techniques to conserve energy?

Back 52

1) Plan ahead
2) Prioritize schedule
3) Standing more energy than sitting
4) LE use less energy than UE

Front 53

Major way to combat cancer related fatigue?

Back 53

Exercise. Control vs. Exercise show fatigue levels 40-50% in exercise group

Front 54

Seven factor contributing to cancer related fatigue?

Back 54

1) Pain
2) Stress
3) Sleep deprivation
4) Anemia
5) Poor nutrition
6) Co-morbidities
7) Deconditioning

Front 55

ECOG scale?

Back 55

Tool for physicians to decide if pt needs PT

Front 56

ECOG scores?

Back 56

0 = normal
1 = symptoms but pt can ambulate and do ADLs
2 = abulatory > 50% of time but needs occasional A
3 = ambulatory < 50% of time but needs nursing care
4 = bedridden
5 = bitch is dead

Front 57

4 CA PT goals?

Back 57

1) help return to producitive life
2) maximize Ind.
3) Educate everyone
4) Doc and Eval changes

Front 58

4 aspects of PT rehab?

Back 58

1) Preventative
2) Restorative
3) Supportive
4) Palliative

Front 59

Generally the best activity of CA pt?

Back 59

Walking