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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rules of 3 of thoracic transverse processes.
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T1-T3: located at level of corresponding spinous process.
T4-T6: located half a segment above the corresponding spinous process. T7-T9: located at the level of spinous process of vertebrae above. T10-T12: T10 follows same rules as T7-9. T11 follows same rules as T4-6. T12 follows same rules as T1-T3. |
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Landmark of inferior angle of scapula?
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corresponds w/ spinous process of T7.
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Level of sternal notch?
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Level w/ T2
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Dermatome of nipple?
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T4.
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Dermatome of umbilicus?
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T10.
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Vertebral facets joints
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Between adjacent vertebral bodies.
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Costovertebral joints
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Between head of rib and vertebral body.
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Costotransverse joint
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Between articular part of the tubercle and the transverse process.
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Costochondral joint
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Between anterior end of rib and costal cartilage.
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Diaphragm: during inspiration
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Diaphragm contracts and descends.
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Diaphragm: during expiration,
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Diaphragm relaxes and ascends.
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Diaphragm innervation.
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By ventral rami of C3-C5 (phrenic nerve).
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Diaphragm attachment:
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By right and left crural attachment to the first two lumbar vertebrae on the left and first three lumbar vertebrae on the right.
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Intercostal muscles function.
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Help to elevate the ribs w/ inhalation.
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Which muscle(s) elevate rib 1 during deep inspiration.
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Anterior and middle scalenes.
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Which muscles(s) elevate rib 2 during deep inspiration?
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Posterior scalenes.
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Pectoralis minor: origin and insersion?
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Originates from medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula and inserts on ribs 3-5.
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Innervation of pectoralis minor.
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Medial pectoral nerve.
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Function of pectoralis minor.
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Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic cage.
Also helps elevate ribs 3-5 with deep inhalation. |
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Serratus anterior: origin and insertiion.
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Originates from medial border of scapula and inserts on lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8.
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Innervation of serratus anterior:
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Long thoracic nerve.
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Function of serratus anterior.
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Protracts the scapula and facilitates bucket handle rib motion.
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Bucket handle rib motion.
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Serratus anterior.
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Muscles of respiration:
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Major: diaphragm and intercostal.
Minor: scalenes, pec minor, serratus anterior, quadratus lumborum, latissimus dorsi. |
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Quadratus lumborum: origin and insersion.
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Originates from medial half of 12th rib and tips of oumbar transverse processes and inserts into iliolumbar ligaments and internal lip of iliac crest.
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Quadratus lumborum: function
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Extends and sidebends the lumbar spine (ipsilaterally).
Also fixes the 12th rib during respiration. |
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Latissimus dorsi: originates and insersion.
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Originates from the spinous processes of T6-T12, iliac crest, and ribs 8 (9)-12.
Inserts thru the humerus. |
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Latissimus dorsi: function.
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Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus.
Elevates ribs 8(9)-12 w/ deep inspiration. |
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What drains to the thoracic duct (to left subclavian)?
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Lymphatics from lower body, trunks from left head, arm, and thoracic viscera.
(rest drains to the right internal jugular). |
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True ribs.
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Ribs 1-7.
Connects to the sternum by costal cartilages. |
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False ribs.
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Rib8-10.
Not directly connect to sternum. |
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Floating ribs.
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Rib 11-12.
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Define. Pump-handle motion.
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Increases the anterior-posterior dimension of the thorax. Anterior ends of ribs rise, causing the sternum to rise.
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Define. Bucket-handle motion.
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Increases the transverse dimension of the thorax. With inhalation, these ribs ascend and move laterally.
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Define. Caliper motion.
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Motion of floating ribs.
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Pump-handle motion is within ribs _____?
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Upper ribs (1-5).
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Bucket-handle motion is within ribs _____?
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Middle ribs (rib 6-10).
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caliper motion is within ribs ____ ?
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Lower ribs (11-12).
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Inhalation dysfunction (or exhalation restriction)of ribs.
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B/c ribs move cephalad w/ inhalation, a rib inhalation dysfunction occurs when one or a group of ribs get "stuck" in the inhalation position.
Pump-handle ribs will be positioned up anteriorly. Bucket-handle ribs will be positioned up laterally. |
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Exhalation dysfunction (or inhalation restriction) of ribs.
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B/c ribs move caudad w/ exhalation, a rib exhalation dysfunction occurs when one or a group of ribs get "stuck" in the exhalation position.
Pump-handle ribs will be positioned down anteriorly. Bucket-handle ribs will be positioned down laterally. |
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Group dysfunction of ribs.
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When 2 or more ribs are positioned in the inhalation or exhalation. There is usually one rib that's responsible for causing the dysfunction--it's referred as "key" rib.
In inhalation dysfunction, the key rib is the lowest rib. In exhalation fysfunction, it's the uppermost rib. Direct treatment toward the key rib. |
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Muscle energy rx rib 1:
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Use anterior and middle scalenes.
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Muscle energy rx rib 2:
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Use posterior scalenes.
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Muscle energy rx rib 3-5:
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Use pectoralis miniro.
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Muscle energy rx rib 6-9:
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Use serratus anterior.
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Muscle energy rx rib 10-11:
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Use latissimus dorsi.
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Muscle energy rx rib 12:
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Use quadratus lumborum.
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Bucket handle motion in what ribs?
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Most obvious in longest ribs-- lower ribs, 6-10.
(rib 1-5 have bucket handle motion, but not their major motion). |
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"locked up"
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-Restricted in inhalation (exhalation restriction)
-Somatic dysfunction where rib moves normally into inhalation, but exhalation motion is restricted. |
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"locked down"
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-somatic dysfunction where ribs movs normally into exhalation, but inhalation is restricted.
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Pump handle rib
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--upper 5 ot 6 ribs .
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Caliper motion
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-Ribs 11 and 12.
-Muscle energy involving latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, psoas major. |