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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the layers of the abdomen?
**if I pierce the abdomen with a needle, what layers do I go through? |
skin --> Camper's --> Scarpa's --> EOM --> IOM --> transverse abdominus m --> transversalis fascia --> peritoneum.
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What is the importance of Langer's lines?
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(aka cleavage lines)
used to define the direction within the human skin along which the skin has the least flexibility --> correspond to alignment of collagen fibers within the dermis. |
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When making a surgical cut, should you make it parallel or perpendicular to Langer's lines in order to minimize scarring?
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parallel
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Langer's lines correlate to the lines of ____.
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dermatomes
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Rovsing's sign
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palpation of LLQ causes pain in RLQ due to peritoneal irritation secondary to appendicitis.
** referred pain. |
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McBurney's sign
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rebound tenderness at McBurney's point (1/3 way up from ASIS to umbilicus) due to peritonitis secondary to appendicitis
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McBurney's sign and Rovsing's sign indicate what?
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appendicitis
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Iliopsoas sign
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put tension on iliopsoas, if there is pain, indicates appendicitis.
**several ways to do it --> ask patient to actively flex thigh at the hip while examiner pushes down on it |
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How does a classic case of appendicitis present?
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initially periumbilical, migrates to RLQ
pain pre-vomitus, rigidity, fever, constipation, + iliopsoas test |
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Murphy's sign
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+ in cholecystitis
ask patient to breath out and place hand below costal margin on R side at mid-clavicular line, instruct patient to breath in. if patient stops breathing and winces with "catch" in breath, test is positive -- gallbladder tenderness |
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Cullen's sign
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ecchymosis (bruise-like) around umbilicus --> indicates hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis, ectopic pregnancy
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Grey Turner's sign
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ecchymosis (bruise-like) of flanks --> indicates hemoperitoneum, pancreatitis
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Obturator sign
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supine pt flexes right knee 90 deg, hold leg above knee, induce lateral and medial rotation --> hypogastric pain caused by ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess
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Markle sign
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aka heel jar test
tap pt heels --> pain indicates peritonitis |
