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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transversospinal muscles? |
Multifidus & Rotatores
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Anterior landmark of T2?
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Suprasternal Notch
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Anomaly of the L5-Sacrum joint leads to a pre-disposition to what?
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Early degenerative changes
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How many degrees can the cervical spine FB in total?
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90 Degrees
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Major motion of the occiput on the atlas?
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Flexion/Extension
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Articulations of the shoulder girdle?
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Sternoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, Glenohumeral, Scapulothoracic
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Motor of Root T1?
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Interossi
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The AA joint is between the ________ inferior facet of the atlas and the _______ superior facet of the Axis.
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Concave; Convex
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What is the shape of the superior surface of the inferior cervical vertebrae?
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Saddle
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What is the most common anomaly of the L5-Sacrum joint?
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Facet Trophism: Asymmetry of facet joint angles
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Which vertebra is the anatomical landmark for the cricoid ring and carotid tubercle?
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C6
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Articulations of the hand?
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Intercarpal, Carpometacarpal, Metacarpophalangeal, Interphalangeal
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What kind of breathing aggravates costochondritis?
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deep inhalation
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What is the third NEXUS low rsk criteria?
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No evidence of intoxication
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What does Cobb's angle measure?
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Degree of scoliosis
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Motor of Root C6?
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Wrist Extensors
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How many degrees can the cervical spine move in total in the sagittal plane?
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180 Degrees (90 degrees FB and 90 in BB)
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Degrees of extension at Glenohumeral Joint?
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45 Degrees
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Atypical Ribs?
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1, 2, 10, 11, 12
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Joint instability would be included in what level of strain/sprain?
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Third Degree
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Bucket handle ribs have an increase in which motion during inhalation?
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Transverse diameter
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Sensation of Root T1?
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Medial Arm
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Motor axons enter limb buds at which week?
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Week 5
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"Dirty Half Dozen" of Lower Back Pain?
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1. Lumbar 2. Short Leg 3. Pubic Syphysis 4. Sacral Base 5. Inominate 6. Muscle Imbalance
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Degrees of extension of MCP?
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30 - 45 Degrees
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Degrees of internal rotation at Glenohumeral Joint?
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55 Degrees
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Which OMT can be done for subacute/chronic symptoms of whiplash?
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MFR, ME, HVLA
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Greatest motion of thoracics?
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Rotation
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Lateral contours of vertebral bodies C2-C7 are known as?
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Uncinate Processes
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What kind of sacral findings will you have with PSOAS syndrome?
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Backward sacral torsion
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What is a very common clinical presentation of Whiplash?
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Headache
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Apley Scratch test is used to test?
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Shoulder ROM
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How is Spondylolisthesis graded?
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Graded 1 - 4 based on degree of anterior displacement
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If OA is Extended and Rotated right which way is it sidebent?
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Sidebent Left (ALWAYS TYPE 1 MECHANICS)
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Motor test for L4?
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Internal Rotation - Tibialis Anterior
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What is often not helpful in the clinical presentation of Whiplash?
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Dermatomes
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Lordotic curves are designed for what type of loads?
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longitudinal
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Which region of the spine has the least mobility? Why?
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Thoracic; Attachment of ribs and small ratio of IV disk to vertebral body height
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Which lumbar levels are affected 85% of the time in lower back pain? |
L3, L4, L5
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Degrees of radial deviation of wrist?
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20 Degrees
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Which ribs have caliper motion?
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11 & 12
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Motion of Subscapularis?
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Internal Rotation
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The bone most commonly fractured in children?
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Clavicle
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Which OMT can be done on initial presentation of whiplash?
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FPR, MFR, CS
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AA is responsible for 50% of which motion in the cervical spine?
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Rotation
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within what degrees of scoliosis can a still growing patient be corrected with bracing and electrical stimulation with exercise and OMT?
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20-40 Degrees
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Sensation of Root C4?
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Shoulder
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Whiplash injury could cause paresthesia along what aspect of the hand?
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Ulnar
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Erector Spinae Muscles?
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Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
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Which vertebra has no vertebral body?
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C1
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What are some signs of lower back pain?
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Lower back pain that may radiate to lower extremities that is worse with extension
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Anterior landmark of T9?
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Xiphoid Process
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Reflex test for S1?
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Achilles Tendon Reflex
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What makes up the functional thoracic inlet?
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Manubrium with Angle of Louis, first two ribs bilaterally, and T1-4
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Motor of Root C4?
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None
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Most helpful treatments for functional scoliosis?
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OMT and Exercise therapy treatment
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What is L4/L5 IV disc an anatomical landmark of?
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Iliac crest
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Conservative treatments for Sprains and Strains can be used on what degree?
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First and Second
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Motor of Root C8?
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Wrist Flexors
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Patient makes a fist with the fingers surrounding the thumb. The physician then deviates the wrtis towards the ulna. A positve test is if the patient feels pain over the tendons
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Finkelstein's test for De Quervain’s tensynovitis
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Sensation of Root C7?
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Mid Finger
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Which vertebra has the first palpable Transverse process?
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C1
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Saddle anesthesia, decreased DTR, Decreased rectal sphincter tone and loss of bladder/bowel control is a sign of?
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Cauda Equina Syndrome
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What is the function of the ferguson angle?
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Used on lateral x-ray to determine hyper lordosis of lumbar spine
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Psoas muscle attachments?
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T12-L5 to Lesser Trochanter
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2nd least motion of thoracics?
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Flexion
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What vertebra have large spinous processes, thin transverse process that fall within the same horizontal plain.
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Lumbar
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The inferior facets of the cervical spine are oriented in which direction?
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Forward, Downward, Lateral
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Why are ribs 11 & 12 atypical?
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No neck or tubercles and articulates only with corresponding vertebral body
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What percentage of Cervical Spine FB and BB is done by C2-C7?
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50%
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How many NEXUS criteria are required in a whiplash injury in order to avoid Radiography?
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All Five
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Which treatment for Whiplash can be done but not initially?
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Traction
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Sympathetic levels of the UE?
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T2 - T8
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Yergason Test is used to test?
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Stability of biceps tendon in bicipital groove
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Elevated hemidiaphragm can be a result of?
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Spondylosis
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Attachments of Quadratus Lumborum?
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Rib 12, Lumbar Spine, and Iliac Crest
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Sensation of foot for L4?
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Medial Aspect of Foot
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Reflex of Root C7?
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Triceps
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The deep palmer arterial arch comes from which artery?
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Radial Artery
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Tearing and disruption of tissue continuity would be what degree strain/sprain?
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2nd Degree
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2nd greatest motion of thoracics?
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Sidebending
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Degrees of Adduction at Glenohumeral Joint?
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45 Degrees
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Why is rib 10 atypical?
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Single costovertebral articularion
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Major stability factor of the thoracic spine?
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Costal Cage
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Which ribs have bucket handle motion?
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"6-10"
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Reflex of Root C8?
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None
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How many degrees can the cervical spine move in total in the transverse plane?
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180 Degrees (90 degrees from AA and 90 Degrees from C2-C7)
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Inferior angle of scapula
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T7
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What degree of scoliosis requires surgery?
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>50 degrees
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Typical Ferguson angle?
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25-35 degrees
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Complete tissue rupturewould be seen in what level of strain/sprain?
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Third Degree
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What goes through the transverse foramen of the atlas?
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Vertebral artery and the sympathetic plexus
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What is the atypical motion of the OA joint?
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Rotation/Sidebending opposite directions
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Congenital anomaly in which the unfused portion of the spinal column allows the spinal cord to protrude through an opening.
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Myelomeningocele
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Goals of OMT in Spondylolysis?
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Reduce lumbar lordosis
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Up to what degree can non progressive Scoliosis be treated with Exercise and OMT?
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0-20 Degrees
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What is the second NEXUS low rsk criteria?
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Normal level of alertness
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Motion of Teres Minor?
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External Rotation
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Which OMT technique can be used to decrease hypertonicity of the diaphragm?
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Doming of the diaphragm
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What is L3/L4 IV disc an anatomical landmark of?
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Bifurcation of the Aorta & Umbilicus
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Sensation of foot for S1?
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Lateral Aspect of Foot
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What is the second phase of a whiplash injury?
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Hyperflexion
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How many phalanges are there?
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14
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Which ribs have no sternal attachments?
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11 - 12 Floating Ribs
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Which type of scoliosis has a genetic predisposition?
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Structural Scoliosis
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Carpal that the first digit comes off of?
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Trapezium
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Reflex of Root C4?
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None
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Brachial plexus levels?
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C5 - C8 + T1
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Two forms oh Kyphosis?
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Structural and Postural
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Which vertebra has the longest spinous process?
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C7
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Anterior landmark of L3-L4?
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Umbilicus
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Degrees of flexion of elbow?
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135 degrees
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Defects in what structure of veretebra cause Spondylolysis?
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pars interaticularis
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Degrees of Flexion of the wrist?
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80 Degrees
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Jugular notch
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T2
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What week do limb buds develop?
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Week 4
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Nerves of Lumbar Plexus?
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Subcostal Nerve, Iliohypogastric Nerve, Ilioinguinal Nerve, Genitofemoral Nerve, Lat. Fem. Cut. Nerve, Femoral Nerve
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Differentiation from somatic dysfunction for Costochondritis?
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Likely costochondritis if pain persists
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How many degrees in total can AA rotate?
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90 Degrees (45 degrees left and 45 degrees right)
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What muscles are involved when treating an exhalation dysfunction with an increased 5th ICS?
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Serratus Anterior
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What makes up the thoracic oulet?
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Clavicle, 1st ribs, and scapula
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Sensation of foot for L5?
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Dorsal Aspect of Foot
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Articulations of the wrist?
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Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum
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What is the first phase of a whiplash injury?
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Hyperextension
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Which ligament forms part of the AA joint?
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Cruciform ligament
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Cervical level for occiput?
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C0
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Allen's test is used to test?
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Patency of Radial and Ulnar Artery
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What is the fourth NEXUS low rsk criteria?
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No abnormal neurologic findings
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Atypical vertebra of the Thoracic spine?
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T1, T10, T11, T12
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Articulations of the elbow?
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Ulnohumoral joint, Proximal Radioulnar joint
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Neer's Test is used to test?
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Subacromial Impingement
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How many phases are there to a whiplash injury?
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Two
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What degree of scoliosis compromises the heart and lungs?
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>60 degrees
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Where will the tenderpoint be in PSOAS syndrome?
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Medial to the ASIS
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Degrees of flexion of MCP?
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90 Degrees
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Which degree Sprains/Strains would surgery be used on?
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Third Degree
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Motor of Root C7?
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Triceps
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Which vertebra is the posterior anatomical landmark for the hyoid?
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C3
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Anomaly in the spine. It is defined by the nonfusion of the first and second segments of the sacrum.
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Lumbarization
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Final stage of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy?
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Skin/Tissue atrophy with irreversibe flexion contractures
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Forward flex shoulder & elbow to 90 degrees while passively (physician) internally rotating shoulder, pain = positive test
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Hawkin's test - Supraspinatus Tendon impingement
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Influence of L5 on sacrum sidebending is always towards?
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Oblique Axis with rotation in the opposite direction
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Name the Prevertebral Ganglia?
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Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, Inferior Mesenteric
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De Quervain’s tensynovitis tendons?
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis & Abductor Pollicis Longus
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Motor test for S1?
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External Rotation - Peroneus Longus and Brevis
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Motion of Infraspinatus?
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External Rotation
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Typical Ribs?
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3 - 9"
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What side is the convex on Dextroscoliosis? |
Right Convex
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Which ribs have synchondroses to costochondral cartilage of another rib?
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8 - 10 False Ribs
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What muscles are involved when treating an exhalation dysfunction with an increased 9th ICS?
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Latissimus Dorsi
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Reflex test for L4?
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Patellar Reflex
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Cervical level for AA?
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C2
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A patient with a cervical disc herniation prefers which direction?
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Backward bending with sidebending towards the side of herniation
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The superficial palmer arterial arch comes from which artery?
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Ulner Artery
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A previous whiplash injury can predispose you to what type of nerve entrapment disorders?
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CTS & Cubital tunnel syndrome
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How does one find Cobb's angle?
|
Draw a line parallel to the superior portion of the body of the most tilted vertebra above the apex and the inferior portion of the body of the most titlted vertebra below the apex. From those two lines draw perpendicular lines and the angle at which those perpendicular lines create after intersecting is Cobb's angle.
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Which vertebra has the first palpable Spinous process?
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C2
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Reflex of Root C5?
|
Biceps
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Congenital anomaly, in which the transverse process of the last lumbar vertebra (L5) fuses to the sacrum on one side or both, or to ilium, or both.
|
Sacralization
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Congenital anomaly in which the vertebrae develop normally, but the meninges are forced into the gaps between
|
Meningocele
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Carpal that the fourth and fifth difit comes off of?
|
Hamate
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Which type of scolios is usually correctible and caused by postural/biochemical factors?
|
Functional Scoliosis
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Sensation of Root C6?
|
Lateral Forearm
|
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The physician maximally flexes the wrist and hold this position for one minute. Positive if there is numbness in the index, middle, and laterl portion of the ring fingers. |
Phalen's test --> Carpel Tunnel
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Degrees of pronation of the wrist?
|
90 Degrees
|
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Which vertebra is the anatomical landmark for Thyroid Cartilage?
|
C4 & C5
|
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Motion of Supraspinatus?
|
Abduction
|
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Used to test for thoracic outlet syndrome. The patients head is sidebent to and rotated away from the affected side. If the radial pulse diminishes, this is considered a positive test
|
Adson's Test
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General investing fascia splits to cover ___________ anteriorly and __________ posteriorly.
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SCM; Trapezius
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The cervical nerve passes posterior to what in the atlas groove (trough)?
|
Vertebral Artery
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What muscles are used in exhalation dysfunction of Rib 1?
|
Anterior and Middle Scalenes
|
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What muscles are used in exhalation dysfunction of Rib 12?
|
Quadratus Lumborum
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Neurovascular bundle includes what?
|
Subclavian Artery, Subclavian Vein, Brachial Plexus, and SANS nerve plexus
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Risk of arterial occlusion of the vertebral artery is increased by what motion?
|
Extension and Rotation
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Compression fractures of the ribs wihtout a history of trauma are common in?
|
Osteoporosis
|
|
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Diagnostic finding of structual scoliosis?
|
Rib hump not affected with sidebending
|
|
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Sympathetics of the Lumbar Plexus?
|
L1 - L2
|
|
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Etiologies of Scoliosis?
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Congenital, Acquired, Idiopathic, Scoliosis capitis
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|
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Dural connections are between which vertebral levels?
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C2 and S2
|
|
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What degree of scoliosis requires a surgical consult?
|
>40 degrees
|
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What percentage of the width is the height of the body of the cervical vertebrae?
|
66.66% (2/3)
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The pisisform is connected to which carpal?
|
Triquetrum
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Spine of the scapula
|
T3/T4
|
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Motion of Quadratus Lumborum?
|
Extension & Sidebending
|
|
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What is the ffth NEXUS low rsk criteria?
|
No painful distracting injuries
|
|
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Which enters the limb buds first motor or sensory axons?
|
Motor
|
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The lordotic curve of the lumbar spine is designed for what type of loads?
|
Longitudinal
|
|
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What muscles are involved when treating an exhalation dysfunction with an increased 2nd ICS?
|
Pec Minor
|
|
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Which ribs have pump handle motion?
|
"1 - 5"
|
|
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Innervation of Quadratus Lumborum?
|
T12, L1-L4
|
|
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What type of OMT should be used to decrease edema and acute tissue reaction?
|
Lymphatic Techniques
|
|
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Microscopic injury is what degree strain/sprain?
|
First Degree
|
|
|
Superior angle of the scapula
|
T2
|
|
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In the lumbar spine how do nerve roots exit?
|
Nerve roots exit above the corresponding vertebra
|
|
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Lumbar Plexus contributing nerves?
|
Ventral rami of L1 – L4 and a Branch from T12
|
|
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Which ribs have direct sternal attachment?
|
1 - 7 True Ribs
|
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Ferguson angle is formed by lines parallel to what two things?
|
Floor and Sacral base
|
|
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Reflex of Root C6?
|
Brachioradialis
|
|
|
Elbow flexed to 90 and the humerus abducted to 90, the glenohumeral (GH) joint is brought into passive external rotation; way to evaluate?
|
Dislocated Shoulder (Apprehension test)
|
|
|
Fixed flexion contracture of the hand due to a palmar fibromatosis
|
Dupuytren’s Contracture
|
|
|
Degrees of flexion at Glenohumeral Joint?
|
90 Degrees
|
|
|
Degrees of supination of the wrist?
|
90 Degrees
|
|
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Degrees of ulnar deviation of wrist?
|
30 Degrees
|
|
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Degrees of Abduction at Glenohumeral Joint?
|
180 Degrees
|
|
|
Motor test for L5?
|
Dorsiflexing Large toe - Extensor Hallucis Longus
|
|
|
The typical vertebra of cervical spine?
|
C2-C7
|
|
|
Microscopic or macroscopic injury to the soft-tissues of a ligament is known as?
|
Sprain
|
|
|
How many degrees can C2-C7 FB and BB in total?
|
45 Degrees
|
|
|
Degrees of extension of elbow?
|
0-5 degrees
|
|
|
Anterior landmark of T4?
|
Angle of Louis
|
|
|
Which treatment for Whiplash is controversial?
|
Immobilization
|
|
|
Degrees of extension of the wrist?
|
70 Degrees
|
|
|
Motion of PSOAS?
|
Hip Flexor
|
|
|
The elbow is flexed to 90 and the patient resists while the examiner brings the GH joint into external rotation and pulls the elbow inferiorly
|
Yergason's Test - bicipital tendonitis - Stability of biceps tendon in bicipital groove
|
|
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What side does Levoscioliosis sidebend towards?
|
Right
|
|
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How many tubercles does a typical rib have?
|
1
|
|
|
AOA definition of Spondylosis?
|
Ankylosis of adjacent vertebral bodies, and IV disc degeneration
|
|
|
Sensation of Root C8?
|
Medial Forearm
|
|
|
Apprehension test is used for?
|
Chronic Shoulder Dislocation
|
|
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Which degree sprains/strains could non-conservative treatment be used?
|
Third Degree
|
|
|
Pump handle ribs have an increase in which motion during inhalation?
|
AP diameter
|
|
|
Microscopic or macroscopic injury to the soft-tissues of a muscle or tendon is known as?
|
Strain
|
|
|
How many degrees can C2-C7 sidebend to one direction?
|
45 Degrees
|
|
|
Least motion of thoracics?
|
Extension
|
|
|
Hawkin's test is used to test?
|
Supraspinatus tendon impingement
|
|
|
Reflex of Root T1?
|
None
|
|
|
Minor Deep Layer Muscles?
|
Interspinales and Intertransversarii
|
|
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Primary sensory loss present in a glovelike distribution is a less common presentation of what?
|
Spondylosis
|
|
|
OA is responsible for 50% of which motion in the cervical spine?
|
Forward bending and Backward Bending
|
|
|
Why is rib 2 atypical?
|
Large tuberosity
|
|
|
What is the first NEXUS low rsk criteria?
|
Absence of posterior midline cervical tenderness
|
|
|
Innervation of PSOAS?
|
L1-L3 or L2-L4
|
|
|
The AA joint is between the concave _______ facet of the atlas and the convex _______ facet of the Axis.
|
Inferior; Superior
|
|
|
Abduction and External rotation are tested asking the patient to reach behind the head and touch the contrlateral scapula
|
Appley Scratch test
|
|
|
Motor of Root C5?
|
Biceps
|
|
|
Sternal angle
|
2nd costal cartilages attach and Anterior to T4-T5 IV disc
|
|
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Degrees of external rotation at Glenohumeral Joint?
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40 - 45 Degrees
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A typical rib has a costal groove in which direction?
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Inferiorly
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How many degrees can OA FB and BB?
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45 Degrees (50% of C-spines FB & BB)
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Reflex test for L5
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None
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Which OMT technique can be used to increase the rib motion in respiration?
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Doming of the diaphragm
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Test for Rotator Cuff tears?
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Drop Arm Test
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Psoas syndrome could be from a Type 2 dysfunction where?
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L1 or L2
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What makes up the anatomical thoracic inlet?
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Manubrium, 1st ribs bilaterally & T1
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Sensation of Root C5?
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Lateral Arm
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Tinel sign is used to test?
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Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
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What restricts the motion of the t-spine minimally to moderately?
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Ribs
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Congenital condition in which the outer part of some of the vertebrae are not completely closed but the splits are so small that the spinal cord does not protrude.
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Spina Bifida Oculta
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Which two signs would be positive for Carpel Tunnel Syndrome?
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Tinel and Phalen
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Full passive forward flexion of GH joint (Hitler)
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Neer's Test for Subacromial impingement
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