Omm, Savarese

Front 1

What does TART stand for?

Back 1

Tissue texture changes; Asymmetry; Restriction; Tenderness

Front 2

What is the difference in physiologic and anatomic barriers?

Back 2

physiologic - the amount that the pt can actively move the joint; Anatomic - the amount the physician can move the joint (passed the physiologic barrier) any movement beyond the anatomic barrier will cause injury

Front 3

Name the TART findings in Acute somatic dysfunction.

Back 3

Tissue Changes: edematous, erythematous, boggy with increased moisture; muscle hypertonic; Asymmetry: present; Restriction: present, painful with movement; Tenderness: severe, sharp

Front 4

Name the TART findings in Chronic somatic dysfunction.

Back 4

Tissue Changes: decreased or no edema, no erythema, cool dry skin, with slight tension; decreased muscle tone, flaccid, ropy, fibrotic; Asymmetry: present WITH COMPENSATION in other areas of the body; Restriction: present, DECREASED OR NO PAIN; Tenderness: dull, achy, burning

Front 5

According to Fryette's laws, if the spine is in the neutral position, which way would sidebending and rotation go?

Back 5

opposite directions (ie. NSlRr) - Neutral is Type I; sidebending precedes rotation in the neutral position; Left SB without flexion or extension will cause right rotation of ALL vertebrae - group dysfunctions

Front 6

According to Fryette's laws, if the spine is in the flexed or extended position, which way would sidebending and rotation go?

Back 6

Type II go to the same side; Left SB with flexion or extension will cause ONE vertebrae to rotate and sidebend to the same side - FRrSr or FSrRr - Single vertebrae

Front 7

What segments of the spine do fryette's laws apply?

Back 7

only to thoracic and lumbar - NOT cervical

Front 8

How are somatic dysfunctions named?

Back 8

for their freedom of motion

Front 9

facet orientation will determine the motion of the vertebral segments. name the facet orientation for cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions.

Back 9

Cervical - BUM backward,upward,medial; Thoracic-BUL backward,upward,lateral; Lumbar-BM backward and medial

Front 10

describe isotonic contraction.

Back 10

approximation of teh muscle's origin and insertion without a change in its tension; operator's force is less than the paitent's force

Front 11

describe isometric contration.

Back 11

muscle contraction that results in the increase in tension without an approximation of origin and insertion. Operator's and patient's force are equal - ie. pressing palms together

Front 12

describe the difference in direct and indirect treatment.

Back 12

INDIRECT: the DO "engages" the restrictive barrier - towards the barrier; INDIRECT: DO moves the tissues and joints away from the restrictive barrier into the direction of freedom - away from the barrier

Front 13

What is the difference in active and passive treatment?

Back 13

in ACTIVE: pt assists during tx (usually in the form of isometric or isotonic contraction); INDIRECT: patient relaxes while the Dr moves the body tissue

Front 14

name the techniques that are direct with passive action.

Back 14

Muscle energy(rarely indirect, but active not passive), HVLA, Lymphatic tx, and Chapman's relexes

Front 15

Name the indirect techniques.

Back 15

counterstrain, Facilitated Positional Release

Front 16

Name the techniques that can be both direct and indirect.

Back 16

myofascial release, cranial osteopathy, muscle energy (more likely direct)

Front 17

what is the main motion of segment OA and describe the SB and rotation.

Back 17

flexion and extention; SB and rotates to the opposite sides (SrRl)

Front 18

what is the main motion of segment AA (C1 on C2) and describe the SB and rotation.

Back 18

Rotation; SB and rotates to the opposite sides (SrRl)

Front 19

what is the main motion of segment C2-C4 and describe the SB and rotation.

Back 19

mainly rotation; SB and rotates to the same sides (SrRr)

Front 20

what is the main motion of segment C5-C7 and describe the SB and rotation.

Back 20

sidebending; SB and rotates to the same sides (SrRr)

Front 21

what is the main motion of the thoracic spine?

Back 21

Rotation

Front 22

what are the "rule of three's" for the thoracic cavity?

Back 22

T1-T3: the spinous process is located at the level of the corresponding transverse process; T4-T6: the spinous process is located 1/2 segment below the corresponding transverse process; T7-T9: the spinous process is located at the level of the transverse process of the vertebrae below; T10-T12: T10- follows T7-T9; T11 follows T4-T6; T12 follows T1-T3

Front 23

Name the anatomical landmarks. spine of the scapula.

Back 23

T3

Front 24

inferior angle of the scapula corresponds with the spinous process of __.

Back 24

T7

Front 25

the sternal notch is level with ___.

Back 25

T2

Front 26

the sternal angle attaches to the __ rib and is level with ___.

Back 26

2nd rib and level with T4

Front 27

the nipple is at the __ dermatome.

Back 27

T4

Front 28

the umbilicus is at the __ dermatome.

Back 28

T10

Front 29

what does the diaphragm attach to, what's its innervation?

Back 29

attaches to the xyphoid process, ribs 6-12 on either side, and bodies and intervertebral discs of L1-L3; Innervation phrenic C3,4,5

Front 30

the external, internal, innermost and subcostal intercostals do what?

Back 30

elevate the ribs during inspiration and prevent retractions during inspiration

Front 31

name the secondary muscles of respiration.

Back 31

scalenes, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior and posterior, quadratus lumborum, and latissimus dorsi

Front 32

which ribs are typical and atypical?

Back 32

typical: 3-10; atypical 1,2, and 11,12

Front 33

which ribs are true, floating, false?

Back 33

true ribs: 1-7 - attach to the sternum through costal cartilages; FALSE: 8-12 - do not attach directly to the sternum; FLOATING: ribs 11-12 (unattached anteriorly)

Front 34

what are the 3 types of rib motion and which ribs belong to what group?

Back 34

pump-handle motion (ribs 1-5), bucket-handle motion (ribs 6-10), and caliper motion (ribs 11 and 12)

Front 35

in inhalation rib dysfxns the key rib is the ____ rib of the dysfunction.

Back 35

lowest

Front 36

in exhalation rib dysfxns the key rib is the ___ rib of the dysfxn.

Back 36

uppermost

Front 37

why is the lumbar spine more susceptible to disc herniations?

Back 37

the posterior longitudinal ligament is 1/2 the width it normally is at L4 and L5

Front 38

name the muscles of the erector spinae group from lateral to medial.

Back 38

ILoveSex - iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Front 39

Name the type of spina bifida. a herniation of the meninges through the defect.

Back 39

spina bifida meningocele

Front 40

Name the type of spina bifida. no herniation through the defect. only a physical sign of this anomaly is a coarse patch of hair over the site. rarely associated with neuro deficits.

Back 40

spina bifida occulta

Front 41

Name the type of spina bifida. a herniation of the meninges and the nerve roots through the defect. associated with neuro deficits.

Back 41

spina bifida meningomyelocele

Front 42

what is the main type of motion of the lumbar spine?

Back 42

flexion/extension

Front 43

a herniated nucleus pulposus worsens with what type of movement?

Back 43

flexion - get a positive straight leg test - treated conservatively (<5% are surgical candidates)

Front 44

A flexion contracture of the iliopsoas is often associated with a _____ dysfxn at what level?

Back 44

nonneutral dysfxn of L1 or L2

Front 45

in what position is spinal stenosis worse?

Back 45

worsened with extension as when standing, walking, or lying supine

Front 46

name the term for anterior displacement of one vertebrae in relation to the one below.

Back 46

spondylolisthesis - increased pain with extension

Front 47

name the term that describes an defect usually of the pars interarticularis without anterior displacement of the vertebral body.

Back 47

spondylolysis - oblique views will identify the fracture as the "collar" on the neck of the scotty dog

Front 48

name the term that describes the degenerative changes within the intervertebral disc and ankylosing of adjacent vertebral bodies.

Back 48

spondylosis

Front 49

with what type of x-ray can you diagnose a spondylolisthesis and a spondylolysis?

Back 49

diagnose a spondylolisthesis with a lateral x-ray; diagnose a spondylolysis with oblique x-rays

Front 50

name the pathology. pressure on the nerve roots of that cause saddle anesthesia, decreased DTR, loss of bowel and bladder control and is a surgical emergency.

Back 50

cauda equina syndrome