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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what direction does the chest wall naturally recoil and what direction do the lungs recoil?
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Chest wall recoils outward and lungs recoil inward.
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More than two-thirds of the work of breathing is used to overcome what?
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elastic recoil of the lungs and thorax.
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What is the cause of exhalation during the normal respiratory cycle?
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Passive elastic recoil of the lungs.
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The soft palate:
A. separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity B. makes it possible to breathe and chew at the same time. C. made up of muscular tissue that is covered by epithelial tissue D. A projection of tissue known as the uvula hangs down from the middle of the soft palate over the root of the tongue. E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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If surfactant production decreases:
A. Decreases Title Volume B. Surface tension decreases C. 5-10 PEEP may be needed to over alveolar D. Answers A and B are both correct. |
D. Answers A & B are both correct
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In the supine position there is: (2 answer)
A. An increase in perfusion from the base to apex of lung B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 C. Blood flow and ventilation decrease. D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
B & D.
B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
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PA > Pa > Pv is true with which West-Zone:
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 D. “Collapse” Zone |
A & D.
Zone 1 & Collapse Zone |
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The soft palate:
A. separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity B. makes it possible to breathe and chew at the same time. C. made up of muscular tissue that is covered by epithelial tissue D. A projection of tissue known as the uvula hangs down from the middle of the soft palate over the root of the tongue. E. All of the above |
E. All of the above
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If surfactant production decreases:
A. Decreases Title Volume B. Surface tension decreases C. 5-10 PEEP may be needed to over alveolar D. Answers A and B are both correct. |
D. Answers A & B are both correct
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In the supine position there is: (2 answer)
A. An increase in perfusion from the base to apex of lung B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 C. Blood flow and ventilation decrease. D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
B & D.
B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
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PA > Pa > Pv is true with which West-Zone:
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 D. “Collapse” Zone |
A & D.
Zone 1 & Collapse Zone |
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Zone 3:
A. V/Q > 1.0 B. Pa > PA > Pv C. No gas exchange D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0 |
D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0
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PA > Pa > Pv is true with which West-Zone:
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 D. “Collapse” Zone |
A & D.
Zone 1 & Collapse Zone |
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Zone 3:
A. V/Q > 1.0 B. Pa > PA > Pv C. No gas exchange D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0 |
D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0
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In the supine position there is: (2 answer)
A. An increase in perfusion from the base to apex of lung B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 C. Blood flow and ventilation decrease. D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
B & D.
B. Increase in perfusion in Zone 3 D. Greatest amount of ventilation occurs in area of least perfusion |
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PA > Pa > Pv is true with which West-Zone:
A. Zone 1 B. Zone 2 C. Zone 3 D. “Collapse” Zone |
A & D.
Zone 1 & Collapse Zone |
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Zone 3:
A. V/Q > 1.0 B. Pa > PA > Pv C. No gas exchange D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0 |
D. V/Q = 0.8 to 1.0
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Physiologic Shunt:
A. Ventilation is > 0.8 B. Occurs in lungs that is perfused but poorly ventilated. C. Pulmonary blood to alveoli is increased D. Small amount of O2 is shunted to capillary bed |
B. Occurs in lungs that is perfused but poorly ventilated.
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Hypoventilation is
A. Related to hypocapnia and respiratory acidosis B. Results from increased MV C. Results from hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis D. Occurs with conditions that cause insufficient oxygenation |
C. Results from hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis
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ARDS causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and
A. Has less compliance B. Has more ventilation that perfusion in alveoli C. Surfactant excess D. Requires high PEEP and small TV when placed on vent. |
A. Has less compliance
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The following are correct EXCEPT
A. Left bronchi 5cm long B. After intubation it most important to check left lung C. Right main-stem is at 45 degree angle to trachea D. A pneumothorax is most likely to occur in right lung than left |
C. Right main-stem is at 45 degree angle to trachea
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Emphysema
A. Causes decrease in the thickness of the alveolar capillary membrane. B. destruction of lung tissue around smaller airways C. include a deficiency of an enzyme called alpha-1-antitrypsin, D. All the above |
D. All the above
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All of the following are correct about Law of Laplace EXCEPT:
A. Radius of alveolar becomes smaller and more pressure is required to inflate the lungs. B. P = 2 (surface tension) / radius C. The higher the pressure difference the more tension there will be. On the other hand, the thicker the wall the less tension there is. Also, the larger the radius the more tension there is. D. A decrease in surfactant greatly reduces surface tension of water, making the lungs expansion easier. |
D. A decrease in surfactant greatly reduces surface tension of water, making the lungs expansion easier.
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A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic because there is not enough hemoglobin for 5 grams to be deoxygenated in 100 ml of arterial blood.
A. True B. False |
A. true
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Which of the following is incorrect
A. Normal PaO2 is 104 mmHg B. Normal PCO2 is 40 mmHg C. Absolute shunt is when venous return flows directly into left atrium bypassing the right ventricle D. A relative shunt occurs in areas where perfusion is deficient compared to ventilation |
D. A relative shunt occurs in areas where perfusion is deficient compared to ventilation
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. The pressure exerted by the water molecules escape in vapor pressure of
A. 40 mmHg B. 47 mmHg C. 22 mmHg D. 50 mmHg |
B. 47 mmHg
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Each gram of Hgb can bind with a Max of ___ of O2.
A. 1.49 ml B. 13.4ml C. 1.34ml D. 20ml |
C. 1.34ml
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Oxyhemoglobin-dissociated curve shows the relationship between
A. PaO2 and PCO2 B. PaO2 and SaO2 C. PaO2 and PCO2, how much Hgb is saturated with CO2 D. PaO2 and SaO2, how much Hgb is saturated with O2 |
D. PaO2 and SaO2, how much Hgb is saturated with O2
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What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?
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a. Protective mechanism
b. Prevents overinflation of lungs c. Increases respiratory rate d. May see patients start to breathe after large TV given e. Function – facilitate termination of inspiration |
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Effect of peripheral chemoreceptors eliminated by as little as __ MAC
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0.1 MAC
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What is the Hering-Breuer reflex?
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a. Protective mechanism
b. Prevents overinflation of lungs c. Increases respiratory rate d. May see patients start to breathe after large TV given e. Function – facilitate termination of inspiration |
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TRUE or FALSE:
Volatiles increase rate but decrease TV |
True
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Why is it with GA it takes higher CO2 to stimulate patient to breathe?
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General anesthetics ↓ central chemoreceptor’s response to increased PaCO2
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Loss of effect of peripheral chemoreceptors causes what?
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Lose response to hypoxia
Decreased response to hypercarbia No change in resting level of respiration |
