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55 Cards in this Set
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_______ are phytophagous insects that feed on a wide diversity of plant groups |
polyphages |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. Most phytophagous insects tend to be associated with particular parts of plants. 2. “Leaf-chewing” insects are primarily from the orders Hemiptera and Homoptera. 3. In general, leaf-mining insects form either “linear” mines or “indeterminate” mines. 4. Galls are normal growths of plant tissue. 5. They are all correct statements. |
1 |
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3. Which of the following is an incorrect statement? 1. Secondary plant compounds are not directly involved with normal plant growth or development. 2. Many plants release airborne chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 3. Phytophagous insects rarely use the perception of plant VOCs in locating or recognizing their proper host plants. 4. Attacks by herbivorous insects can change the bouquet of VOCs released by plants. |
3 |
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Which of the following terms/descriptions does not belong with the others? 1. determinate galls 2. cecidoza 3. cynipid wasps 4. plant latex |
4 |
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Which of the following terms/descriptions does not belong with the others? 1. sap-feeding insects 2. frass 3. honeydew 4. haustellate mouthparts |
2 |
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6. When considering their feeding strategies, which of the following insects does not belong with the others? 1. aphid 2. caterpillar 3. grasshopper 4. Japanese beetle |
1 |
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Which of the following is an incorrect statement? 1. Many leaf-mining insects will display a feeding preference and feed on certain layers of the leaf tissue. 2. Many insect sap-feeders feed from specific plant tissues. 3. The liquid waste (honeydew) of many sap-feeding insects is often utilized as food by other insects. 4. Insects and vascular plants have come to dominate virtually all land and freshwater environments for over 400 million years. 5. In terms of plant and insect coevolution, the first insect feeding strategy to evolve was foraging for pollen and nectar. |
5 |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. All pollinating insects respond to the same flower colors. 2. Flower colors that form a high-contrast image are not very attractive to insects. 3. Retinula cells with different photopigments can occur within the same ommatidium. 4. Plants produce only enough pollen for reproductive purposes. |
3 |
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________ is produced by some flowering plants and is a liquid solution of sugars that is an important food source for flying insects. 1. Pollen 2. Nectar 3. Pollinia 4. Corbicula |
nectar |
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Honey bees possess several morphological traits that allow them to be very successful pollinators. Which of the following is not considered such a trait/characteristic? 1. Hind legs adapted to collect pollen 2. Mouthparts that are adapted to gather nectar 3. Compound eyes that can detect UV light 4. A barbed stinger that helps the bee remain attached to the flower’s stigma |
4 |
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Which of the following is not communicated via a honeybee’s waggle dance? 1. The richness of the food source 2. The direction to the food source 3. The distance to the food source 4. The best time of the day to visit the food source |
The best time of the day to visit the food source |
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‘Buzz pollination’ refers to the ________ 1. headache a bee gets after drinking too much nectar. 2. rapid movement of a bee’s wing muscles that dislodges pollen from the flower’s anthers. 3. sound a bee makes as it approaches a flower in order to scare away any rival bees (a behavior to avoid competition). 4. sound a bee makes during the straight-run portion of the waggle dance. |
rapid movement of a bee’s wing muscles that dislodges pollen from the flower’s anthers. |
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Which of the following general flower characteristics would be most attractive to honey bees? 1. Flowers that are usually bright in color (yellow to blue, not pure red), nectar guides present, flower depth none to moderate, possess a sweet odor, and offers both pollen and nectar. 2. Flowers that are usually white or pale in color with no nectar guides, flower shape pendant (no landing platform), sometimes with deep nectar tubes, and possess a strong, sweet odor. 3. Flowers white or dull-colored, flat to bowl-shaped with a landing platform, no nectar guides, possess a strong odor (sweet to decay), and offer pollen and other plant parts as ‘rewards.’ 4. Flowers with variable colors (usually less showy), often with little depth, no nectar guides, and usually have a strong odor (often decay). |
1. Flowers that are usually bright in color (yellow to blue, not pure red), nectar guides present, flower depth none to moderate, possess a sweet odor, and offers both pollen and nectar. |
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Which of the following general flower characteristics would be most attractive to moth pollinators? 1. Flowers that are usually bright in color (yellow to blue, not pure red), nectar guides present, flower depth none to moderate, possess a sweet odor, and offers both pollen and nectar. 2. Flowers that are usually white or pale in color with no nectar guides, flower shape pendant (no landing platform), sometimes with deep nectar tubes, and possess a strong, sweet odor. 3. Flowers white or dull-colored, flat to bowl-shaped with a landing platform, no nectar guides, possess a strong odor (sweet to decay), and offer pollen and other plant parts as ‘rewards.’ 4. Flowers with variable colors (usually less showy), often with little depth, no nectar guides, and usually have a strong odor (often decay). |
2. Flowers that are usually white or pale in color with no nectar guides, flower shape pendant (no landing platform), sometimes with deep nectar tubes, and possess a strong, sweet odor. |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. The pollinating activity of some anthophilous flies is often irregular and unreliable. 2. Anthophilous beetles are known to visit flowers during inclement weather. 3. Most anthophilous bees possess a ‘pollen broom.’ 4. Anthophilous beetles are abundant in temperate areas, but scare in the tropics. 5. All of the above are correct statements. |
1. The pollinating activity of some anthophilous flies is often irregular and unreliable. |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. Butterfly pollinators visit flowers for the pollen ‘reward.’ 2. The honey bee square dance conveys the type of ‘reward’ (nectar or pollen) a particular flower offers. 3. Some orchid flowers mimic female bees/wasps that attract males and use ‘pseudocoplulation’ as a means of transferring pollen. 4. A bee’s corbicula is also referred to as the ‘pollen brush.’ |
3. Some orchid flowers mimic female bees/wasps that attract males and use ‘pseudocoplulation’ as a means of transferring pollen. |
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Which of the following is a correct characteristic of insect predators? 1. Usually smaller than prey 2. Primarily feed on insects 3. Usually need only one prey item to complete development 4. Usually have wings |
4. Usually have wings |
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Which of the following is a correct characteristic of insect parasitoids? 1. They are usually larger than their hosts 2. Most species have an ovipositor longer than their body 3. They need several hosts to complete their development 4. Primarily feed on insects |
4. Primarily feed on insects |
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Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of an insect predator? 1. Most predators rely on large, well-developed compound eyes. 2. The most successful insect predators usually have raptorial forelegs. 3. Oligophagous predators feed on prey from 1-2 orders (selective in prey preference) 4. Adult and immature predators are free-living. |
2. The most successful insect predators usually have raptorial forelegs. |
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The foraging strategy of a ________ predator is to stealthily approach or ambush prey. 1. searcher 2. stalker 3. trapper 4. mimic |
2. stalker |
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The foraging strategy of a ________ predator is to paralyze a prey item and then place it in a closed cell along with an egg. 1. searcher 2. stalker 3. provisioner 4. trapper |
3. provisioner |
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Which of the following examples/descriptions does not belong with the others? 1. A tiger beetle larva in its burrow. 2. A cicada-killer wasp capturing a cicada. 3. An inch-worm caterpillar capturing a fly that came to close to it. 4. A parasitoid wasp depositing an egg inside a caterpillar. |
4. A parasitoid wasp depositing an egg inside a caterpillar. |
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Which of the following examples/descriptions does not belong with the others? 1. A tiny adult parasitoid wasp emerging from a moth’s egg. 2. A parasitoid larva emerging from the body of a caterpillar. 3. A large ichneumonid parasitoid wasp drilling its long ovipositor into the trunk of a tree in order to lay an egg on a wood-borer larva. 4. A mantid waiting in a flower for a visiting anthophilous insect. |
4. A mantid waiting in a flower for a visiting anthophilous insect. |
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A parasitoid that attacks (or uses as its host) other parasitoid species is referred to as a: 1. hyperparasitoid 2. primary parasitoid 3. gregarious parasitoid 4. superparasitoid |
1. hyperparasitoid |
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A female parasitoid that oviposits more than one egg per host is classified as a: 1. multiparasitoid 2. gregarious parasitoid 3. hyperparasitoid 4. super-parasitoid |
2. gregarious parasitoid |
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A female parasitoid that inserts her egg into the host’s body is classified as a: 1. internal parasitoid 2. provisioner 3. ectoparasitoid 4. endoparasitoid |
4. endoparasitoid |
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In terms of locating a habitat from a great distance that most likely will contain suitable hosts, a female parasitoid will often be ____. 1. attracted to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from the host’s feces. 2. attracted to plant VOCs emanating from a plant not being attacked by its host. 3. attracted to plant VOCs emanating from a plant being attacked by its host. 4. attracted to the spacing pheromone of a conspecific parasitoid. |
3. attracted to plant VOCs emanating from a plant being attacked by its host. |
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Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of insect parasites? 1. They inflict minimum damage to the host 2. They attack primarily other arthropods 3. They are completely dependent upon the host 4. They are usually smaller than the host 5. None of the above |
2. They attack primarily other arthropods |
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The mistaken belief that one is infested with parasites (or other organisms) is referred to as: 1. delusory parasitosis 2. entomoparasitosis 3. myiasis 4. entomophobia |
1. delusory parasitosis |
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Which of the following is not a major insect order of human and animal parasites? 1. Siphonaptera 2. Hemiptera 3. Hymenoptera 4. Diptera |
3. Hymenoptera |
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Which of the following pairs of terms best describe fleas? 1. Ectoparasite and intermittent parasite 2. Ectoparasite and transitory parasite 3. Endoparasite and intermittent parasite 4. Endoparasite and transitory parasite |
2. Ectoparasite and transitory parasite |
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Which of the following pairs of terms best describe human pubic lice? 1. Endoparasite and continuous parasite 2. Ectoparasite and transitory parasite 3. Myiatic parasite and intermittent parasite 4. Ectoparasite and continuous parasite |
4. Ectoparasite and continuous parasite |
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Which of the following descriptions best describe bot flies? 1. Myiatic parasite and transitory parasite 2. Ectoparasite and intermittent parasite 3. Endoparasite and transitory parasite 4. Myiatic parasite and intermittent parasite |
3. Endoparasite and transitory parasite |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. The insect vector for malaria is the flea. 2. The insect vector for the West Nile disease is an arbovirus. 3. The pathogen for plague is the flea. 4. Female human bot flies use other fly species to deliver her eggs. 5. None of the above is a correct statement. |
4. Female human bot flies use other fly species to deliver her eggs. |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. Malaria is an example of a disease with a biological transfer cycle. 2. Head lice take a blood meal only once a day. 3. Myiasis is a condition that only affects humans. 4. The pathogen for West Nile the mosquito. |
1. Malaria is an example of a disease with a biological transfer cycle. |
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___ are the universal decomposers. 1. Earthworms 2. Bacteria 3. Insects 4. Termites |
2. Bacteria |
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What important function do saprophagous insects play in the overall role of recycling dead organic matter? 1. They facilitate and accelerate decomposition by fragmenting dead organic material (increasing its surface area). 2. They transmit the microorganisms that will eventually decompose the matter. 3. They manipulate the dead organic matter in such a way that larger organisms, such as mammals, can feed on it and complete the major recycling of the matter. 4. All of the above |
1. They facilitate and accelerate decomposition by fragmenting dead organic material (increasing its surface area). |
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding carrion (or burying) beetles? 1. The primary purpose of forming a carcass ball is to provide food for the adults during the winter months. 2. They only visit small mammal carcasses. 3. They are considered the most important recyclers of small animal carcasses. 4. None of the above is a correct statement. |
3. They are considered the most important recyclers of small animal carcasses. |
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding carrion (or burying) beetles? 1. Only the adult male is attracted to the odor of the dead carcass, the female finds the carcass through the sex pheromone released by the male. 2. The adult beetles can only detect the odor of recent death within about 100 yards from the dead animal. 3. Secretions from the beetles kill the bacteria on the carcass, which delays the decomposition of the carcass ball. 4. Once the eggs hatch, the larvae immediately begin to feed on the carcass ball. |
3. Secretions from the beetles kill the bacteria on the carcass, which delays the decomposition of the carcass ball. |
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At what stage in carrion decomposition would one most likely first observe the presence of blow flies (Family Calliphoridae)? 1. initial decay 2. putrefaction 3. black putrefaction 4. butyric fermentation 5. dry decay |
1. initial decay |
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_____ are the major consumers of dung under most conditions. 1. Xylophagous bacteria and insects 2. Bacteria and fungi 3. Rodents and coprophagous insects 4. Coprophagous beetles and flies |
4. Coprophagous beetles and flies |
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding dung beetles? 1. ‘Tunneler’ species form small tunnels inside the brood ball in which they lay their eggs. 2. ‘Roller’ species are those that move a ball of dung away from the dung pat, bury it, and usually make a subterranean brood chamber. 3. Adults and larvae both feed on dung fluids and fibers. 4. Dung beetles rarely show a dung preference. |
2. ‘Roller’ species are those that move a ball of dung away from the dung pat, bury it, and usually make a subterranean brood chamber. |
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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding dung beetles? 1. Some dung beetle species gain access to dung by living on the animal producing the dung. 2. There is usually only a single egg inserted into each brood ball. 3. Adult ‘dweller’ species form brood balls from the dung. 4. Dung beetles can process (recycle) an average sized, single pat of elephant dung in about a day. |
3. Adult ‘dweller’ species form brood balls from the dung. |
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Farmers of colonial Australia (and to a certain extent modern Australia) faced a problem with cow (bovine) dung in that it took several years for it to be fully recycled. This was because: 1. the early colonists brought over too many cows, horses and sheep and that populations of the native dung beetles were ecologically outnumbered. 2. the native dung beetles were unable to process the wet, sloppy bovine dung (unlike the dry, fibrous marsupial dung). 3. the dung from the imported cattle contained a parasite inhabiting the intestines of the cattle that was fatal to the native dung beetles. 4. All of the above |
2. the native dung beetles were unable to process the wet, sloppy bovine dung (unlike the dry, fibrous marsupial dung). |
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Which of the following is not considered a benefit of dung beetle activity? 1. Increased soil fertility 2. Increased soil aeration 3. Increased water infiltration into soil 4. Increased grazing by reducing pasture fouling 5. Increased crop yield |
5. Increased crop yield |
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_____ are the predominant recyclers of dead plant material in most ecosystems. 1. Ants 2. Plant beetles 3. Bacteria 4. Termites 5. Earthworms |
4. Termites |
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47. Which of the following terms does not belong with the others? 1. Australian Dung Beetle Project 2. mycangia 3. ambrosia beetle 4. leaf-cutting ants 5. fungus garden |
1. Australian Dung Beetle Project |
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According to Dr. Hall’s lecture on forensic-medical entomology (and from the textbook), faunistic data from the predictable ______ of ______ arthropods to a vertebrate corpse have been used by medico-criminal entomologists (forensic) to help assess ______ the for human corpses. 1. ecological succession, saprophagous, elapsed time since death 2. environmental conditions, meat-eating, cause and method of death 3. ecological succession, saprophagous, cause and method of death 4. environmental conditions, saprophagous, elapsed time since death |
1. ecological succession, saprophagous, elapsed time since death |
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Based on Dr. Hall’s presentation on forensic-medical entomology, which of the following conditions does not appear to affect the types of arthropods (primarily insects) found on a homicide victim? 1. situation of the corpse 2. season of the year 3. local climate 4. cause of death. 5. amount of clothing found on the victim |
5. amount of clothing found on the victim |
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According to Dr. Houseman’s lecture on bed bugs, which of the following is not considered a major reason for the recent resurgence of bed bugs in human dwellings? 1. An increase in globalization, travel, and migration. 2. Bed bugs are becoming resistant to many insecticides. 3. Urbanization and interaction (more multiple family housing). 4. Reduced use of residual insecticides indoors |
2. Bed bugs are becoming resistant to many insecticides. |
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According to Dr. Houseman’s lecture on bed bugs, which of the following statements is incorrect? 1. Bed bugs feed about once a week. 2. Female bed bugs can mate multiple times. 3. The bite of a bed bug is quite painful. 4. Adult bed bugs can go up to one year without feeding. 5. Bed bug bite marks on a person are often in rows of 2-3 marks. |
3. The bite of a bed bug is quite painful. |
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Is the following statement correct or incorrect? “Endogenous circadian rhythms are rhythms that are driven by an internal, self-sustaining ‘biological clock’ within the organism that occurs about every 24 hours.” 1. Yes, it is a correct statement. 2. No, it is an incorrect statement. |
1. Yes, it is a correct statement. |
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Which of the following is an incorrect statement? 1. Insects are poikilothermic, i.e., their rate of development is proportional to temperature. 2. A “zeitgeber” is an environmental cue (or factor) that sets (or entrains) a circadian behavior to the local environment. 3. A facultative diapause occurs at a fixed stage in each generation of an insect, regardless of environmental conditions. 4. In the absence of a “zeitgeber” some insect behaviors will ‘free run’ in cycles of approximately every 24 hours. |
3. A facultative diapause occurs at a fixed stage in each generation of an insect, regardless of environmental conditions. |
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Which of the following terms does not belong with the others? 1. dormancy 2. diapause 3. quiescence 4. zeitgeber |
4. zeitgeber |
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Which of the following is a correct statement? 1. Insect growth and development does not depend on environmental factors such as temperature and photoperiod. 2. Physiological time is a measure of development based upon the amount of heat units (referred to as degree-days) required to complete development or a stage of development. 3. To ‘exploit periods of environmental favorability’ is not considered a benefit for organisms displaying rhythmic patterns of development and/or reproduction. 4. The Monarch butterfly displays a Class II type of migration. |
2. Physiological time is a measure of development based upon the amount of heat units (referred to as degree-days) required to complete development or a stage of development. |
