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1081 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abutan, adv.
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about, around
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ac, conj.
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but, however
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acennan, verb
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bring forth, give birth to
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acwellan, verb
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to kill
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adl, noun, f.
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sickness, disease
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agen, adj.
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own
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aglæca, noun, m.
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monster, combatant, the terrible one (poet.)
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ahwær, adv.
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anywhere
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alimpan, verb
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befall, come to pass
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alyfan, verb
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to permit, allow
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amyrran, verb
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to wound (cp. MnE to mar)
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an, numeral
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a, an, one
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and, conj.
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and
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anda, noun, m.
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malice, hostility
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andgit, noun, n.
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meaning, sense
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andsaca, noun, m.
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enemy, adversary (cp. MnG Widersacher)
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andswarian, verb
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to answer
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andweard, adj.
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present
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andwlita, noun, m.
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face (cp. MnG Antlitz)
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andwyrdan, verb
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to answer (cp. MnG antworten)
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anfeald, adj.
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simple, onefold (cp. MnG einfältig)
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anfloga, noun, m.
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solitary flier (hapax legomenon, The Seafarer)
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angel, noun, m.
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hook (cp. MnE angle)
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anginn, noun, n.
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beginning
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anhaga, noun, m.
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solitary one, one who dwells alone (poet.)
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anlicnes, noun, f.
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image
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anræd, adj.
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resolute
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anwealda, noun, m.
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ruler, Lord (poet.)
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ar, noun, n.
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copper (cp. MnE ore)
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ar, noun, f
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mercy, favour, prosperity
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ar, noun, f.
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oar
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ariht, adv.
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properly
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arisan, verb
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to arise
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arleas, adj.
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dishonourable
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arlice, adv,
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honourably, kindly
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arod, adj.
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bold
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arweorðe, adj.
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honourable
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asecgan, verb
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to say, tell
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astyrian, verb
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to remove, to move (cp. MnE to stir)
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atelic, adj.
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horrible, dreadful
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ateon, verb
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to draw, unsheathe
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atol, adj.
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terrible, hateful (poet.)
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attor, noun, n.
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venom (cp. MnG Eiter)
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að, noun, m.
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oath
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awiht, noun, n.
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anything (cp. MnE aught)
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axian, verb
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to ask
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æ, noun, f.
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law (cp. MnG Ehe)
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æcer, noun, m.
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cultivated field (cp. MnE acre)
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æfæst, adj.
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pious
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æfen, noun, m.
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evening (cp. MnE even, eve)
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æfre, adv.
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forever, always, ever
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æfter, prep.
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after
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æfterfylgan, verb
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to follow, to come after
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æghwa, pron.
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everyone, everything
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æghwær, adv.
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everywhere
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ægðer, pron.
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each, both, either
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æht, noun, f.
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possessions, property
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æl, noun, m.
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eel
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ælc, pron., adj.
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each, every
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ælfscyne, adj.
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beautiful as a fairy (3 occurrences, poet.)
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ælmihtig, adj.
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almighty
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æmettig, adj.
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empty
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ænig, adj.
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any
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ær, adv.
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before, previously (cp. MnE ere)
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ærende, noun, n.
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message (cp. MnE errand)
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ærest, adj.
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first
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ærgewinn, noun, n.
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ancient hostility (hapax legomenon, The Dream of the Rood)
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ærgod, adj.
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good from old times (5 occurrences, only in Beowulf)
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ærnan, verb
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to run
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æsc, noun, m.
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ash tree, spear
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æscplega, noun, m.
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spear-fight, battle (hapax legomenon, Judith)
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æscrof, adj.
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brave in battle
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æstel, noun, m.
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?pointer used to keep one’s place as one reads (4 occurrences)
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æt, prep.
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at
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ætgædere, adv.
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together
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ætsomne, adv.
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together
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ætywan, verb
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to appear, to show
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æðele, adj.
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noble
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æþeling, noun, m.
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prince, atheling
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æþelo, noun, n. pl.
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origin, descent, noble lineage
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baldlice, adv.
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boldly
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bana, noun, m.
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slayer (cp. MnE bane, poet.)
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banhus, noun, n.
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body (‘bone-house’, 6 occurrences, poet.)
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banloca, noun, m.
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‘bone-enclosure’, ?muscles, ?body (5 occurrences, poet.)
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bar, noun, m.
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boar
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bat, noun, m.
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boat
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baþian, verb
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to bathe
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bæc, noun, n.
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back
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bæcere, noun, m.
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baker
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bæl, noun, n.
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fire, funeral pyre (poet.)
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bærnan, verb
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to burn
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bæð, noun, n.
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bath
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be, prep.
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about, concerning
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beacen, noun, n.
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beacon, sign
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beadu, noun, m.
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battle (15 occurrences, poet.)
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beadurinc, noun, m.
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warrior (3 occurrences, poet.)
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beadurof, adj.
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bold in battle (8 occurrences, poet.)
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beag, noun, m.
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circular ornament (around neck, wrist, finger etc.), ring (cp. MnE bagel)
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beaggyfa, noun, m.
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ring-giver, lord (7 occurrences, poet.)
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beaggyfu, noun, f.,
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ring-giving, generosity (hapax legomenon, poet.)
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beaghord, noun, n.
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ring-hoard, treasure (3 occurrences, all in Beowulf)
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bealdor, noun, m.
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lord (10 occurrences, poet.)
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bealu, noun, n.
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misery, harm, injury, enmity
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bealuhygdig, adj.
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intending evil, hostile (hapax legomenon, Beowulf)
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bealusiþ, noun, m.
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painful journey, bitter experience (2 occurrences, poet.)
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beam, noun, m.
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tree, cross
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bearm, noun, m.
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bosom, lap
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bearn, noun, n.
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child, son (cp. MnE dialect bairn)
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bearu, noun, m.
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grove
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bebeodan, verb
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to command
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gebed, noun, n.
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prayer
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bedælan, verb
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to deprive
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begen, adj. and pron.
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both
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begeondan, prep.
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beyond
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begietan, verb
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to get, to acquire
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beginnan, verb
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to begin
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begnornian, verb
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to lament
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beheafdian, verb
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to behead, decapitate
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behreowsian, verb
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to repent
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benc, noun, f.
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bench
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benn, noun, f.
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wound (9 occurrences, poet.)
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beon, verb
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to be
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beor, noun, n.
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beer
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beorg, noun, m.
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hill, mound, mountain (cp. MnG Berg)
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beorgan, verb
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to save, protect
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beorht, adj.
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bright
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beorn, noun, m.
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man, warrior (poet.)
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gebeorscipe, noun, m.
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beer party
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beot, noun, n.
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vow, boast
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beran, verb
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to carry, bear
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berstan, verb
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to burst
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beswican, verb
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to deceive, ensnare
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bet, adv.
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better
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gebetan, verb
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to improve, remedy
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betweonan, prep.
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between (cp. MnE between)
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betweox, prep.
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between
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bidan, verb
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to await, experience
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biddan, verb
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to ask, bid
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gebiddan, verb
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to pray
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bifian, verb
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to shake (cp. MnG beben)
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bigong, noun, m.
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worship
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bill, noun, n.
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sword (poet., cp. MnG Beil)
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bisgu, noun, f.
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occupation (cp. MnE busy)
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bitan, verb
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to bite
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blac, adj.
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pale (cp. MnE bleak)
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blawan, verb
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to blow
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blæc, adj.
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black
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blæd, noun, m.
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glory
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bletsian, verb
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to bless
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blod, noun, n.
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blood
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boc, noun, f.
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book
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bodian, verb
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to preach (cp. MnE to bode)
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bolster, noun, n.
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pillow (cp. MnE bolster)
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bricg, noun, f.
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bridge
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brim, noun, n.
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sea (poet.)
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broga, noun, m.
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terror, danger
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broðor, noun, m.
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brother
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brucan, verb
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to use, enjoy, benefit from (cp. L fruor, MnG gebrauchen)
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brun, adj.
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brown, black, purple, red (cp. MnE brown)
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brytta, noun, m.
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distributor, one who hands out (poet.)
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burh, noun, f.
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stronghold, enclosure (cp. MnE borough, MnG Burg)
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butan, prep.
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without, except, but
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byrgan, verb
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to bury
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bysig, adj.
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busy
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bysmor, noun, m.
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disgrace, mockery
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casere, noun, m.
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emperor (cp. MnE Caesar, MnG Kaiser)
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ceald, adj.
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cold
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geceapian, verb
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to buy (cp. MnE cheap)
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ceaster, noun, f.
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town (cp. L castrum, MnE -chester, eg. Manchester, Winchester)
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cempa, noun, m.
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warrior
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cicen, noun, n.
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chicken
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cirice, noun, f.
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church (cp. MedGr kuriakon)
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clipian, verb
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to call
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clyppan, verb
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to embrace (cp. MnE paperclip)
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gecnawan, verb
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to recognise, perceive, understand
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cniht, noun, m.
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boy, youth
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cringan, verb
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to fall, perish (poet., cp. MnE cringe)
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cuman, verb
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to come
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cunnan, verb
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to know
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cunnian, verb
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to find out
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cwellan, verb
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to kill
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cwen, noun, f.
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woman, queen (cp. MnE gynaecology)
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cwic, adj.
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alive (cp. MnE quick)
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cyning, noun, m.
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king
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cyse, noun, m.
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cheese (cp. L caseum)
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cyðan, verb
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to make known, inform, reveal
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dæd, noun, f.
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deed
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dæg, m.
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day
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dæl, noun, m.
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part, portion (cp. MnE deal)
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dema, noun, m.
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judge (cp. MnE to deem)
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deofol, noun, m. or n.
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devil
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deop, adj.
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deep
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deor, noun, n.
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wild animal (cp. MnE deer, MnG Tier)
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deorc, adj.
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dark
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digol, adj.
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secret
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dom, noun, m.
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judgement (cp. MnE doom)
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don, verb
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to do
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dream, noun, m.
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joy, delight
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dreogan, verb
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to suffer (cp. MnScots adj. driech)
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dreor, noun, m. or n.
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dripping blood (11 occurrences, poet., cp. MnE dreary)
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drihten, noun, m.
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lord
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dugan, verb
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to be of use (MnG taugen, tüchtig)
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duguð, noun, f.
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troop of seasoned retainers, mature men (MnG taugen, tüchtig)
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durran, verb
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to dare
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duru, noun, f.
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door
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gedwyld, noun, n.
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heresy, error
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dyre, adj.
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dear (cp. MnG teuer)
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dyrne, adj.
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secret
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dysig, adj.
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foolish (cp. MnE dizzy)
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ea, noun, f.
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river (cp. L aqua)
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eac, adv.
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also
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eadig, adj.
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blessed, happy (Ead-, cp. Christian names Edward, Edwin)
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eald, adj.
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old
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ealdor, noun, m.
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leader, prince (cp. MnE alderman)
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ealdor, noun, n.
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life, age
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eallwealda, noun, m.
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all-ruler, the Lord (poet.)
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earfoð, noun, n.
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work, hardship (MnE robot, MnG Arbeit)
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earm, adj.
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poor (MnG arm)
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ece, adj.
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eternal
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ecg, noun, f.
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edge, sword
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eft, adv.
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again
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ege, noun, m.
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fear
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ellen, noun, n.
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courage, strength
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engel, noun, m.
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angel
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ent, noun, m.
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giant (cp. Tolkien’s Ents)
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eorl, noun, m.
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nobleman
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faran, noun, verb
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to go, travel (cp. MnE farewell)
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fæder, noun, m.
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father
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fæger, adj.
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beautiful, pleasant (cp. MnE fair)
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feax, noun, n.
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hair (cp. Tolkien’s Shadowfax)
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fela, pron.
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many
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feond, noun, m.
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enemy
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feor, adj.
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far
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feorh, noun, n.
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life
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ferhð, noun, n.
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spirit, mind (poet.)
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fleogan, verb
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to fly
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folde, noun, f.
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earth, ground
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folme, noun, f.
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hand (MnE palm)
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fon, verb
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to catch, seize
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forhtian, verb
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to fear
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forlætan, verb
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to abandon, let go, neglect
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forma, adj.
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first
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forst, noun, m.
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frost
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frætwe, noun, f. pl.
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ornaments (poet.)
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frea, noun, m.
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lord (poet., cp. MnG Frau)
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fremde, adj.
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strange (cp. MnG fremd)
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fremman, verb
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to do, perpetrate (cp. MnG fromm)
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frið, noun, m.
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peace (cp. MnG Frieden)
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frod, adj.
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old, wise (poet., cp. Tolkien’s Frodo)
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frofor, noun, f.
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consolation
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fruma, noun, m.
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beginning
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fugol, noun, m.
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bird (cp. MnE fowl)
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fultum, noun, m.
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help, support
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fus, adj.
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eager
|
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fyr, noun, n.
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fire
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fyren, noun, f.
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crime, wickedness
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galan, verb
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to sing (cp. MnE nightingale, to yell)
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gamol, adj.
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old, ancient (poet.) (cp. MnDa gammel, MnG vergammeln)
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gan, verb
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to go
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gar, noun, m.
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spear (poet., cp. Hrothgar in Beowulf)
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gast, noun, m.
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spirit, soul, angel, ghost
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gear, noun, n.
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year
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geard, noun, m.
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yard, enclosure (cp. Tolkien’s Isengard)
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geomor, adj.
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sad (poet., cp. MnG Jammer)
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geond, prep.
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through, throughout
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geong, adj.
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young
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georn, adj.
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eager (cp. MnE to yearn, MnG gerne)
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giedd, noun, n.
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word, speech, riddle (poet., cp. MnE to gather)
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giefu, noun, f.
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gift
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giet, adv.
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yet, still
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gif, conj.
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if
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gioguð, noun, f.
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youth, young people
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gnornian, verb
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to mourn
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god, adj.
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good
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god, noun, m.
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God
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grædig, adj.
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greedy
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grið, noun, n.
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truce
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guma, noun, m.
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man (poet., cp. MnE ?bridegroom, MnG Bräutigam)
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guð, noun, f.
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battle, war (poet.)
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gylp, noun, m.
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boast, pride (cp. MnE to yelp)
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gyse, adv.
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yes
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habban, verb
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to have
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hal, adj.
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safe, unhurt (cp. MnE whole)
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halig, adj.
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holy
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ham, noun, m.
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home
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hat, adj.
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hot
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hatan, verb
|
to command, order, call, name (cp. MnG heissen)
|
|
|
hælan, verb
|
to heal
|
|
|
Hælend, noun, m.
|
Saviour (cp. MnG Heiland)
|
|
|
hæleþ, noun, m.
|
hero (poet., cp. MnG Held)
|
|
|
hæþen, adj.
|
heathen
|
|
|
heafod, noun, n.
|
head
|
|
|
heah, adj.
|
high
|
|
|
hearh, noun, m.
|
heathen scrine (cp. place-name Harrow)
|
|
|
heaðorinc, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
helm, noun, m.
|
protection, cover, helmet
|
|
|
heofon, noun, m.
|
heaven
|
|
|
heorot, noun, m.
|
deer, stag (cp. MnE hart, Heorot in Beowulf)
|
|
|
here, noun, m.
|
army (cp. MnG Heer)
|
|
|
hergian, verb
|
to ravage (cp. MnE to harry)
|
|
|
hild, noun, f.
|
battle (cp. Christian name Hilda)
|
|
|
hlaf, noun, m.
|
bread (cp. MnE loaf)
|
|
|
hlaford, noun, m.
|
lord (cp. OE hlaf, bread, hlaford=hlafweard, the one in charge of the bread)
|
|
|
hlæw, noun, m.
|
mound, barrow (cp. place-names Lewes, Wilmslow, Ludlow)
|
|
|
hleo, noun, n.
|
protection, shelter
|
|
|
holt, noun, n.
|
wood, forest (cp. MnG Holz)
|
|
|
hord, noun, n.
|
hoard
|
|
|
hu, adv.
|
how
|
|
|
hund, noun, m.
|
dog (cp. MnE hound)
|
|
|
hus, noun, n.
|
house
|
|
|
hwa, pron.
|
who
|
|
|
hwæt, pron.
|
what
|
|
|
hwær, adv.
|
where
|
|
|
hwæðer, conj.
|
whether
|
|
|
hwelc, pron. and adj.
|
which
|
|
|
hwil, noun, f.
|
while
|
|
|
hycgan, verb
|
to think, plan
|
|
|
hyge, noun, m.
|
mind, heart, courage (poet., cp. MnDu geheugen, Hygelac in Beowulf)
|
|
|
hyht, noun, m.
|
joy, bliss, hope
|
|
|
hyrde, noun, m.
|
guardian, keeper (cp. MnE shepherd)
|
|
|
hyse, noun, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
ic, pron.
|
I
|
|
|
ides, noun, f.
|
lady (poet.)
|
|
|
ilca, adj. and pron.
|
same (cp. MnE ilk)
|
|
|
isen, noun, n.
|
iron (cp. MnG Eisen, Tolkien’s Isengard)
|
|
|
lac, noun, n.
|
play, sacrifice, offering (cp. MnE to lark)
|
|
|
laf, noun, f.
|
remnant, what is left (cp. MnE to leave)
|
|
|
lagu, noun, f.
|
law
|
|
|
lar, noun, f.
|
teaching (cp. MnE lore)
|
|
|
lað, adj.
|
hateful, hostile (cp. MnE loathsome)
|
|
|
læne, adj.
|
temporary, transitory, granted, lent
|
|
|
leas, adj.
|
devoid of (cp. MnE -less)
|
|
|
leax, noun, m.
|
salmon (cp. MnSw gravad lax)
|
|
|
leode, noun, pl.
|
people (cp. MnG Leute)
|
|
|
leof, adj.
|
beloved, dear (cp. MnE love, MnG lieb)
|
|
|
leoht, noun, n.
|
light
|
|
|
leoð, noun, n.
|
song, poem, poetry (cp. MnG Lied)
|
|
|
lic, noun, n.
|
body (cp. MnG Leiche)
|
|
|
lichama, noun, m.
|
body (cp. MnG Leichnam)
|
|
|
lif, noun, n.
|
life
|
|
|
lind, noun, f.
|
shield (of lindenwood)
|
|
|
lof, noun, n.
|
praise (cp. MnG Lob)
|
|
|
lofgeorn, adj.
|
eager for praise (cp. Beowulf 3182)
|
|
|
lufu, noun, f.
|
love
|
|
|
lyft, noun, f.
|
air, sky, breeze (cp. MnG Luftwaffe)
|
|
|
magan, verb
|
to be able, can, be competent (cp. MnE may)
|
|
|
man, n.
|
crime
|
|
|
manig, adj.
|
many
|
|
|
maðelian, verb
|
to speak (poet.)
|
|
|
maðm, m.
|
treasure
|
|
|
mæg, noun, m.
|
kinsman
|
|
|
mægen, n.
|
strength, power, army (cp. MnE main)
|
|
|
mægð, noun, f.
|
maiden
|
|
|
mære, adj.
|
famous, glorious, notorious (cp. MnG Märchen)
|
|
|
mearc, noun, f.
|
boundary, region, border (cp. MnE Denmark)
|
|
|
mearh, m.
|
horse (cp. MnE mare)
|
|
|
mece, noun, m.
|
sword (poet.)
|
|
|
meodo, noun, m.
|
mead (cp. Tolkien’s Meduseld)
|
|
|
meotod, noun, m.
|
creator (poet., literally ‘the measurer’, cp. MnE meted out)
|
|
|
mere, noun, m.
|
pool, lake
|
|
|
micel, adj.
|
great, large, much
|
|
|
mid, prep.
|
with, amid, among
|
|
|
middangeard, noun, m.
|
world, middle earth (cp. Tolkien’s middle earth)
|
|
|
miht, noun, f.
|
might
|
|
|
mona, noun, m.
|
moon
|
|
|
mod, noun, n.
|
spirit, courage, mind (cp. MnE mood)
|
|
|
modig, adj.
|
brave, bold, arrogant (cp. MnE moody)
|
|
|
modor, noun, f.
|
mother
|
|
|
morþor, noun, n.
|
crime, violence, torment (cp. MnE murder, Tolkien’s Mordor)
|
|
|
motan, verb
|
to may, be allowed to (cp. MnE must)
|
|
|
mund, noun, f.
|
hand, protection (cp. MnG Vormund)
|
|
|
gemynd, noun, n.
|
mind, remembrance
|
|
|
mynster, noun, n.
|
monastery, church (cp. MnE minster)]
|
|
|
nædre, noun, f.
|
snake, serpent
|
|
|
næss, noun, m.
|
headland, bluff (cp. Fife Ness)
|
|
|
neah, adj.
|
near
|
|
|
neorxnawang, noun, m.
|
Paradise (OE wang, noun, m., field)
|
|
|
niman, verb
|
to take (cp. MnE numb, MnG nehmen)
|
|
|
niþ, noun, m.
|
hatred, malice, trouble (cp. MnG Neid)
|
|
|
genog, adj.
|
enough
|
|
|
nu, adv.
|
now
|
|
|
nytt, noun, f.
|
use, utility (cp. MnG Nutzen, MnDu nuttig)
|
|
|
ofer, prep.
|
over
|
|
|
ofermod, noun, n.
|
pride, arrogance, overconfidence (cp. The Battle of Maldon 89)
|
|
|
offrian, verb
|
to offer
|
|
|
oft, adv.
|
often
|
|
|
onfon, verb
|
to receive, accept, take up (cp. MnG empfangen)
|
|
|
ongean, adv.
|
back, again
|
|
|
ongietan, verb
|
to understand, perceive
|
|
|
onginnan, verb
|
to begin
|
|
|
ord, noun, m.
|
point, spear, vanguard
|
|
|
oðer, adj.
|
other
|
|
|
oþ þæt, conj.
|
until
|
|
|
oþþe, conj.
|
or
|
|
|
pæþ, noun, m.
|
path
|
|
|
penig, noun, m.
|
penny
|
|
|
preost, noun, m.
|
priest (cp. MedL presbyter)
|
|
|
rand, noun, m.
|
shield, shield-boss (poet.)
|
|
|
ræd, noun, m.
|
advice (cp. MnG Rat)
|
|
|
rædan, verb
|
to read, instruct, give counsel, rule
|
|
|
gereord, noun, n.
|
speech, voice
|
|
|
rice, noun, n.
|
kingdom (cp. MnE bishopric, MnG Reich)
|
|
|
rice, adj.
|
powerful, great (cp. MnE rich)
|
|
|
rinc, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
rod, noun, f.
|
rood, cross
|
|
|
rodor, noun, m.
|
sky, heaven
|
|
|
run, noun, f.
|
secret meditation (cp. MnG raunen)
|
|
|
sacu, noun, f.
|
battle
|
|
|
samod, adv.
|
together, too, at the same time
|
|
|
sar, adj.
|
sore
|
|
|
sarig, adj.
|
sorrowful (cp. MnE sorry)
|
|
|
sawol, noun, f.
|
soul
|
|
|
sæ, noun, f. and m.
|
sea
|
|
|
sceadu, noun, f.
|
shadow
|
|
|
scealc, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (cp. MnE marshal=officer of state)
|
|
|
sceat, noun, m.
|
surface, region (cp. MnE sheet)
|
|
|
sceatt, noun, m.
|
money, payment (cp. MnE scotfree)
|
|
|
sceððan, verb
|
to injure (cp. MnE scathing)
|
|
|
sceawian, verb
|
to see, look at (cp. MnE to show, MnG schauen)
|
|
|
scieppan, verb
|
to create (cp. MnG schöpfen)
|
|
|
sculan, verb
|
to must, have to (cp. MnE shall, should)
|
|
|
se, seo, þæt, pron.
|
the
|
|
|
secan, verb
|
to seek
|
|
|
secg, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
secgan, verb
|
to say
|
|
|
sefa, noun, m.
|
heart (poet.)
|
|
|
sele, noun, m.
|
hall, house (poet.)
|
|
|
sellan, verb
|
to give, sell
|
|
|
sendan, verb
|
to send, throw, hurl, cause to go
|
|
|
seon, verb
|
to see
|
|
|
gesib, adj.
|
related (cp. MnE sibling)
|
|
|
sibb, noun, f.
|
peace (cp. MnE gossip)
|
|
|
sige, noun, m.
|
victory (cp. Christian name Siegfried, MnG Sieg)
|
|
|
simle, adv.
|
always
|
|
|
sinc, noun, n.
|
treasure
|
|
|
singal, adj.
|
perpetual
|
|
|
sið, noun, m.
|
journey, fate, lot, venture
|
|
|
siððan, adv.
|
since, afterwards, later
|
|
|
slean, verb
|
to strike, beat (cp. MnE slay)
|
|
|
smeagan, verb
|
to think, examine
|
|
|
snottor, adj.
|
wise (poet.)
|
|
|
sona, adv.
|
immediately, soon
|
|
|
soþ, adj.
|
true (cp. MnE sooth)
|
|
|
sped, noun, f.
|
success, quickness (cp. MnE good speed, Godspeed, MnG sputen)
|
|
|
spell, noun, n.
|
story, message (cp. MnE gospel, OE god + spel=good message)
|
|
|
sprecan, verb
|
to speak (cp. MnG sprechen)
|
|
|
stan, noun, m.
|
stone
|
|
|
stefn, noun, f.
|
voice (cp. MnG Stimme)
|
|
|
stow, noun, f.
|
place (cp. place-names Felixstowe, Walthamstow)
|
|
|
stræl, noun, m. or f.
|
arrow (cp. MnG Strahl)
|
|
|
sum, adj. and pron.
|
a, a certain, some
|
|
|
gesund, adj.
|
unharmed, whole, uncorrupted (cp. MnE sound)
|
|
|
sunne, noun, f.
|
sun
|
|
|
sunu, noun, m.
|
son
|
|
|
swa, adv.
|
so, thus
|
|
|
sweart, adj.
|
dark, black (cp. MnE swarthy)
|
|
|
swefn, noun, n.
|
dream
|
|
|
swelc, adj.
|
such
|
|
|
sweord, noun, n.
|
sword
|
|
|
sweostor, noun, f.
|
sister
|
|
|
sweotol, adj.
|
clear, manifest
|
|
|
swincan, verb
|
labour, toil, struggle
|
|
|
swiðe, adv.
|
very, greatly
|
|
|
symbel, noun, n.
|
feast
|
|
|
syn, noun, f.
|
crime, sin
|
|
|
teon, verb
|
to draw, drag (cp. MnG ziehen)
|
|
|
tid, noun, f.
|
time (cp. MnE tide)
|
|
|
til, adj.
|
good
|
|
|
tir, noun, m.
|
glory (cp. MnG Zier)
|
|
|
torht, adj.
|
bright
|
|
|
treow, noun, n.
|
tree
|
|
|
treow, noun, f.
|
faith, trust, loyalty (cp. MnE truth)
|
|
|
tun, noun, m.
|
town, village
|
|
|
tungol, noun, n.
|
star
|
|
|
twegen, num.
|
two (cp. MnE twain, Mark Twain)
|
|
|
tweo, noun, m.
|
doubt, uncertainty
|
|
|
þa, adv. and conj.
|
then, when
|
|
|
þær, adv. and conj.
|
there, where
|
|
|
þeah, adv.
|
though
|
|
|
þeaw, noun, m.
|
custom, practice
|
|
|
þegn, noun, m.
|
thane, nobleman, retainer, warrior
|
|
|
þeod, noun, f.
|
people, nation (cp. MnG Deutsch, Dietrich)
|
|
|
geþeode, noun, n.
|
language
|
|
|
þeoden, noun, m.
|
prince, lord (cp. Tolkien’s king of Rohan)
|
|
|
þeow, noun, m.
|
slave, servant (cp. Wealhtheow in Beowulf)
|
|
|
þolian, verb
|
to suffer
|
|
|
þonne, adv.
|
then
|
|
|
þrowian, verb
|
to suffer
|
|
|
þrym, noun, m.
|
glory
|
|
|
þurfan, verb
|
to need
|
|
|
þurh, prep.
|
through
|
|
|
uhta, noun, m. or f.
|
period just before dawn (cp. MnDu ochtend)
|
|
|
uncuð, adj.
|
unknown, strange (cp. MnE uncouth)
|
|
|
ut, adv.
|
out
|
|
|
wæl, noun, n.
|
slaughter, carnage (cp. MnE Valkyrie)
|
|
|
wæstm, noun, m.
|
fruit
|
|
|
wealdan, verb
|
wield, control (cp. MnE to wield, MnG Walter, Gewalt)
|
|
|
wealdend, noun, m.
|
ruler, Lord
|
|
|
weard, noun, m.
|
guardian (cp. MnE ward)
|
|
|
weaxan, verb
|
to grow (cp. MnE to wax)
|
|
|
wen, noun, f.
|
expectation, hope (cp. MnG Wahnsinn)
|
|
|
wendan, verb
|
to go, turn, translate, change (cp. MnE to wend one’s way, Butts Wynd)
|
|
|
weorðan, verb
|
to become, happen (cp. MnG werden)
|
|
|
wer, noun, m.
|
man (cp. MnE werewolf, L vir)
|
|
|
werod, noun, n.
|
troop, company
|
|
|
wic, noun, n.
|
abode (cp. place-names Ipswich, Norwich, Greenwich)
|
|
|
wif, noun, n.
|
woman, wife
|
|
|
wig, noun, n.
|
war, battle
|
|
|
wiga, noun, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
wiht, noun, f. and n.
|
creature, being (cp. MnG Wicht)
|
|
|
willan, verb
|
to want
|
|
|
wine, noun, m.
|
friend, lord (poet., cp. names Edwin, Godwin)
|
|
|
gewinn, noun, n.
|
war, battle, strife
|
|
|
winnan, verb
|
to struggle, fight
|
|
|
gewinnan, verb
|
to conquer, win
|
|
|
wita, noun, m.
|
wise man, counsellor (cp. OE witenagemot, Anglo-Saxon national assembly)
|
|
|
witan, verb
|
to know
|
|
|
wite, noun, n.
|
punishment
|
|
|
wiþ, prep.
|
against, from, with
|
|
|
wlanc, adj.
|
proud
|
|
|
wolcen, noun, n. or m.
|
cloud, sky (cp. MnG Wolke)
|
|
|
woruld, noun, f.
|
world
|
|
|
wrað, adj.
|
hostile (cp. MnE wroth)
|
|
|
wræcca, noun, m.
|
wanderer, exile
|
|
|
wrecan, verb
|
to avenge
|
|
|
writan, verb
|
to write (cp. MnG ritzen)
|
|
|
wudu, noun, m.
|
wood, forest, tree
|
|
|
wuldor, noun, n.
|
glory
|
|
|
wundor, noun, n.
|
wonder, miracle
|
|
|
wunian, verb
|
to dwell (cp. MnG wohnen)
|
|
|
wynn, noun, f.
|
joy (cp. MnE winsome)
|
|
|
wyrcan, verb
|
to make, form, produce
|
|
|
wyrd, noun, f.
|
fate, event (cp. MnE weird)
|
|
|
wyrm, noun, m.
|
worm, serpent
|
|
|
wyrt, noun, f.
|
herb, plant, vegetable (cp. MnE wort)
|
|
|
yfel, adj.
|
evil (cp. MnG übel)
|
|
|
ymb, prep.
|
about, concerning
|
|
|
yrmþu, noun, f.
|
hardship
|
|
|
yrre, noun, n.
|
anger
|
|
|
yþ, noun, f.
|
wave
|
|
|
abutan, adv.
|
about, around
|
|
|
ac, conj.
|
but, however
|
|
|
acennan, verb
|
bring forth, give birth to
|
|
|
acwellan, verb
|
to kill
|
|
|
adl, noun, f.
|
sickness, disease
|
|
|
agen, adj.
|
own
|
|
|
aglæca, noun, m.
|
monster, combatant, the terrible one (poet.)
|
|
|
ahwær, adv.
|
anywhere
|
|
|
alimpan, verb
|
befall, come to pass
|
|
|
alyfan, verb
|
to permit, allow
|
|
|
amyrran, verb
|
to wound (cp. MnE to mar)
|
|
|
an, numeral
|
a, an, one
|
|
|
and, conj.
|
and
|
|
|
anda, noun, m.
|
malice, hostility
|
|
|
andgit, noun, n.
|
meaning, sense
|
|
|
andsaca, noun, m.
|
enemy, adversary (cp. MnG Widersacher)
|
|
|
andswarian, verb
|
to answer
|
|
|
andweard, adj.
|
present
|
|
|
andwlita, noun, m.
|
face (cp. MnG Antlitz)
|
|
|
andwyrdan, verb
|
to answer (cp. MnG antworten)
|
|
|
anfeald, adj.
|
simple, onefold (cp. MnG einfältig)
|
|
|
anfloga, noun, m.
|
solitary flier (hapax legomenon, The Seafarer)
|
|
|
angel, noun, m.
|
hook (cp. MnE angle)
|
|
|
anginn, noun, n.
|
beginning
|
|
|
anhaga, noun, m.
|
solitary one, one who dwells alone (poet.)
|
|
|
anlicnes, noun, f.
|
image
|
|
|
anræd, adj.
|
resolute
|
|
|
anwealda, noun, m.
|
ruler, Lord (poet.)
|
|
|
ar, noun, n.
|
copper (cp. MnE ore)
|
|
|
ar, noun, f
|
mercy, favour, prosperity
|
|
|
ar, noun, f.
|
oar
|
|
|
ariht, adv.
|
properly
|
|
|
arisan, verb
|
to arise
|
|
|
arleas, adj.
|
dishonourable
|
|
|
arlice, adv,
|
honourably, kindly
|
|
|
arod, adj.
|
bold
|
|
|
arweorðe, adj.
|
honourable
|
|
|
asecgan, verb
|
to say, tell
|
|
|
astyrian, verb
|
to remove, to move (cp. MnE to stir)
|
|
|
atelic, adj.
|
horrible, dreadful
|
|
|
ateon, verb
|
to draw, unsheathe
|
|
|
atol, adj.
|
terrible, hateful (poet.)
|
|
|
attor, noun, n.
|
venom (cp. MnG Eiter)
|
|
|
að, noun, m.
|
oath
|
|
|
awiht, noun, n.
|
anything (cp. MnE aught)
|
|
|
axian, verb
|
to ask
|
|
|
æ, noun, f.
|
law (cp. MnG Ehe)
|
|
|
æcer, noun, m.
|
cultivated field (cp. MnE acre)
|
|
|
æfæst, adj.
|
pious
|
|
|
æfen, noun, m.
|
evening (cp. MnE even, eve)
|
|
|
æfre, adv.
|
forever, always, ever
|
|
|
æfter, prep.
|
after
|
|
|
æfterfylgan, verb
|
to follow, to come after
|
|
|
æghwa, pron.
|
everyone, everything
|
|
|
æghwær, adv.
|
everywhere
|
|
|
ægðer, pron.
|
each, both, either
|
|
|
æht, noun, f.
|
possessions, property
|
|
|
æl, noun, m.
|
eel
|
|
|
ælc, pron., adj.
|
each, every
|
|
|
ælfscyne, adj.
|
beautiful as a fairy (3 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
ælmihtig, adj.
|
almighty
|
|
|
æmettig, adj.
|
empty
|
|
|
ænig, adj.
|
any
|
|
|
ær, adv.
|
before, previously (cp. MnE ere)
|
|
|
ærende, noun, n.
|
message (cp. MnE errand)
|
|
|
ærest, adj.
|
first
|
|
|
ærgewinn, noun, n.
|
ancient hostility (hapax legomenon, The Dream of the Rood)
|
|
|
ærgod, adj.
|
good from old times (5 occurrences, only in Beowulf)
|
|
|
ærnan, verb
|
to run
|
|
|
æsc, noun, m.
|
ash tree, spear
|
|
|
æscplega, noun, m.
|
spear-fight, battle (hapax legomenon, Judith)
|
|
|
æscrof, adj.
|
brave in battle
|
|
|
æstel, noun, m.
|
?pointer used to keep one’s place as one reads (4 occurrences)
|
|
|
æt, prep.
|
at
|
|
|
ætgædere, adv.
|
together
|
|
|
ætsomne, adv.
|
together
|
|
|
ætywan, verb
|
to appear, to show
|
|
|
æðele, adj.
|
noble
|
|
|
æþeling, noun, m.
|
prince, atheling
|
|
|
æþelo, noun, n. pl.
|
origin, descent, noble lineage
|
|
|
baldlice, adv.
|
boldly
|
|
|
bana, noun, m.
|
slayer (cp. MnE bane, poet.)
|
|
|
banhus, noun, n.
|
body (‘bone-house’, 6 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
banloca, noun, m.
|
‘bone-enclosure’, ?muscles, ?body (5 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
bar, noun, m.
|
boar
|
|
|
bat, noun, m.
|
boat
|
|
|
baþian, verb
|
to bathe
|
|
|
bæc, noun, n.
|
back
|
|
|
bæcere, noun, m.
|
baker
|
|
|
bæl, noun, n.
|
fire, funeral pyre (poet.)
|
|
|
bærnan, verb
|
to burn
|
|
|
bæð, noun, n.
|
bath
|
|
|
be, prep.
|
about, concerning
|
|
|
beacen, noun, n.
|
beacon, sign
|
|
|
beadu, noun, m.
|
battle (15 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beadurinc, noun, m.
|
warrior (3 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beadurof, adj.
|
bold in battle (8 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beag, noun, m.
|
circular ornament (around neck, wrist, finger etc.), ring (cp. MnE bagel)
|
|
|
beaggyfa, noun, m.
|
ring-giver, lord (7 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beaggyfu, noun, f.,
|
ring-giving, generosity (hapax legomenon, poet.)
|
|
|
beaghord, noun, n.
|
ring-hoard, treasure (3 occurrences, all in Beowulf)
|
|
|
bealdor, noun, m.
|
lord (10 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
bealu, noun, n.
|
misery, harm, injury, enmity
|
|
|
bealuhygdig, adj.
|
intending evil, hostile (hapax legomenon, Beowulf)
|
|
|
bealusiþ, noun, m.
|
painful journey, bitter experience (2 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beam, noun, m.
|
tree, cross
|
|
|
bearm, noun, m.
|
bosom, lap
|
|
|
bearn, noun, n.
|
child, son (cp. MnE dialect bairn)
|
|
|
bearu, noun, m.
|
grove
|
|
|
bebeodan, verb
|
to command
|
|
|
gebed, noun, n.
|
prayer
|
|
|
bedælan, verb
|
to deprive
|
|
|
begen, adj. and pron.
|
both
|
|
|
begeondan, prep.
|
beyond
|
|
|
begietan, verb
|
to get, to acquire
|
|
|
beginnan, verb
|
to begin
|
|
|
begnornian, verb
|
to lament
|
|
|
beheafdian, verb
|
to behead, decapitate
|
|
|
behreowsian, verb
|
to repent
|
|
|
benc, noun, f.
|
bench
|
|
|
benn, noun, f.
|
wound (9 occurrences, poet.)
|
|
|
beon, verb
|
to be
|
|
|
beor, noun, n.
|
beer
|
|
|
beorg, noun, m.
|
hill, mound, mountain (cp. MnG Berg)
|
|
|
beorgan, verb
|
to save, protect
|
|
|
beorht, adj.
|
bright
|
|
|
beorn, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
gebeorscipe, noun, m.
|
beer party
|
|
|
beot, noun, n.
|
vow, boast
|
|
|
beran, verb
|
to carry, bear
|
|
|
berstan, verb
|
to burst
|
|
|
beswican, verb
|
to deceive, ensnare
|
|
|
bet, adv.
|
better
|
|
|
gebetan, verb
|
to improve, remedy
|
|
|
betweonan, prep.
|
between (cp. MnE between)
|
|
|
betweox, prep.
|
between
|
|
|
bidan, verb
|
to await, experience
|
|
|
biddan, verb
|
to ask, bid
|
|
|
gebiddan, verb
|
to pray
|
|
|
bifian, verb
|
to shake (cp. MnG beben)
|
|
|
bigong, noun, m.
|
worship
|
|
|
bill, noun, n.
|
sword (poet., cp. MnG Beil)
|
|
|
bisgu, noun, f.
|
occupation (cp. MnE busy)
|
|
|
bitan, verb
|
to bite
|
|
|
blac, adj.
|
pale (cp. MnE bleak)
|
|
|
blawan, verb
|
to blow
|
|
|
blæc, adj.
|
black
|
|
|
blæd, noun, m.
|
glory
|
|
|
bletsian, verb
|
to bless
|
|
|
blod, noun, n.
|
blood
|
|
|
boc, noun, f.
|
book
|
|
|
bodian, verb
|
to preach (cp. MnE to bode)
|
|
|
bolster, noun, n.
|
pillow (cp. MnE bolster)
|
|
|
bricg, noun, f.
|
bridge
|
|
|
brim, noun, n.
|
sea (poet.)
|
|
|
broga, noun, m.
|
terror, danger
|
|
|
broðor, noun, m.
|
brother
|
|
|
brucan, verb
|
to use, enjoy, benefit from (cp. L fruor, MnG gebrauchen)
|
|
|
brun, adj.
|
brown, black, purple, red (cp. MnE brown)
|
|
|
brytta, noun, m.
|
distributor, one who hands out (poet.)
|
|
|
burh, noun, f.
|
stronghold, enclosure (cp. MnE borough, MnG Burg)
|
|
|
butan, prep.
|
without, except, but
|
|
|
byrgan, verb
|
to bury
|
|
|
bysig, adj.
|
busy
|
|
|
bysmor, noun, m.
|
disgrace, mockery
|
|
|
casere, noun, m.
|
emperor (cp. MnE Caesar, MnG Kaiser)
|
|
|
ceald, adj.
|
cold
|
|
|
geceapian, verb
|
to buy (cp. MnE cheap)
|
|
|
ceaster, noun, f.
|
town (cp. L castrum, MnE -chester, eg. Manchester, Winchester)
|
|
|
cempa, noun, m.
|
warrior
|
|
|
cicen, noun, n.
|
chicken
|
|
|
cirice, noun, f.
|
church (cp. MedGr kuriakon)
|
|
|
clipian, verb
|
to call
|
|
|
clyppan, verb
|
to embrace (cp. MnE paperclip)
|
|
|
gecnawan, verb
|
to recognise, perceive, understand
|
|
|
cniht, noun, m.
|
boy, youth
|
|
|
cringan, verb
|
to fall, perish (poet., cp. MnE cringe)
|
|
|
cuman, verb
|
to come
|
|
|
cunnan, verb
|
to know
|
|
|
cunnian, verb
|
to find out
|
|
|
cwellan, verb
|
to kill
|
|
|
cwen, noun, f.
|
woman, queen (cp. MnE gynaecology)
|
|
|
cwic, adj.
|
alive (cp. MnE quick)
|
|
|
cyning, noun, m.
|
king
|
|
|
cyse, noun, m.
|
cheese (cp. L caseum)
|
|
|
cyðan, verb
|
to make known, inform, reveal
|
|
|
dæd, noun, f.
|
deed
|
|
|
dæg, m.
|
day
|
|
|
dæl, noun, m.
|
part, portion (cp. MnE deal)
|
|
|
dema, noun, m.
|
judge (cp. MnE to deem)
|
|
|
deofol, noun, m. or n.
|
devil
|
|
|
deop, adj.
|
deep
|
|
|
deor, noun, n.
|
wild animal (cp. MnE deer, MnG Tier)
|
|
|
deorc, adj.
|
dark
|
|
|
digol, adj.
|
secret
|
|
|
dom, noun, m.
|
judgement (cp. MnE doom)
|
|
|
don, verb
|
to do
|
|
|
dream, noun, m.
|
joy, delight
|
|
|
dreogan, verb
|
to suffer (cp. MnScots adj. driech)
|
|
|
dreor, noun, m. or n.
|
dripping blood (11 occurrences, poet., cp. MnE dreary)
|
|
|
drihten, noun, m.
|
lord
|
|
|
dugan, verb
|
to be of use (MnG taugen, tüchtig)
|
|
|
duguð, noun, f.
|
troop of seasoned retainers, mature men (MnG taugen, tüchtig)
|
|
|
durran, verb
|
to dare
|
|
|
duru, noun, f.
|
door
|
|
|
gedwyld, noun, n.
|
heresy, error
|
|
|
dyre, adj.
|
dear (cp. MnG teuer)
|
|
|
dyrne, adj.
|
secret
|
|
|
dysig, adj.
|
foolish (cp. MnE dizzy)
|
|
|
ea, noun, f.
|
river (cp. L aqua)
|
|
|
eac, adv.
|
also
|
|
|
eadig, adj.
|
blessed, happy (Ead-, cp. Christian names Edward, Edwin)
|
|
|
eald, adj.
|
old
|
|
|
ealdor, noun, m.
|
leader, prince (cp. MnE alderman)
|
|
|
ealdor, noun, n.
|
life, age
|
|
|
eallwealda, noun, m.
|
all-ruler, the Lord (poet.)
|
|
|
earfoð, noun, n.
|
work, hardship (MnE robot, MnG Arbeit)
|
|
|
earm, adj.
|
poor (MnG arm)
|
|
|
ece, adj.
|
eternal
|
|
|
ecg, noun, f.
|
edge, sword
|
|
|
eft, adv.
|
again
|
|
|
ege, noun, m.
|
fear
|
|
|
ellen, noun, n.
|
courage, strength
|
|
|
engel, noun, m.
|
angel
|
|
|
ent, noun, m.
|
giant (cp. Tolkien’s Ents)
|
|
|
eorl, noun, m.
|
nobleman
|
|
|
faran, noun, verb
|
to go, travel (cp. MnE farewell)
|
|
|
fæder, noun, m.
|
father
|
|
|
fæger, adj.
|
beautiful, pleasant (cp. MnE fair)
|
|
|
feax, noun, n.
|
hair (cp. Tolkien’s Shadowfax)
|
|
|
fela, pron.
|
many
|
|
|
feond, noun, m.
|
enemy
|
|
|
feor, adj.
|
far
|
|
|
feorh, noun, n.
|
life
|
|
|
ferhð, noun, n.
|
spirit, mind (poet.)
|
|
|
fleogan, verb
|
to fly
|
|
|
folde, noun, f.
|
earth, ground
|
|
|
folme, noun, f.
|
hand (MnE palm)
|
|
|
fon, verb
|
to catch, seize
|
|
|
forhtian, verb
|
to fear
|
|
|
forlætan, verb
|
to abandon, let go, neglect
|
|
|
forma, adj.
|
first
|
|
|
forst, noun, m.
|
frost
|
|
|
frætwe, noun, f. pl.
|
ornaments (poet.)
|
|
|
frea, noun, m.
|
lord (poet., cp. MnG Frau)
|
|
|
fremde, adj.
|
strange (cp. MnG fremd)
|
|
|
fremman, verb
|
to do, perpetrate (cp. MnG fromm)
|
|
|
frið, noun, m.
|
peace (cp. MnG Frieden)
|
|
|
frod, adj.
|
old, wise (poet., cp. Tolkien’s Frodo)
|
|
|
frofor, noun, f.
|
consolation
|
|
|
fruma, noun, m.
|
beginning
|
|
|
fugol, noun, m.
|
bird (cp. MnE fowl)
|
|
|
fultum, noun, m.
|
help, support
|
|
|
fus, adj.
|
eager
|
|
|
fyr, noun, n.
|
fire
|
|
|
fyren, noun, f.
|
crime, wickedness
|
|
|
galan, verb
|
to sing (cp. MnE nightingale, to yell)
|
|
|
gamol, adj.
|
old, ancient (poet.) (cp. MnDa gammel, MnG vergammeln)
|
|
|
gan, verb
|
to go
|
|
|
gar, noun, m.
|
spear (poet., cp. Hrothgar in Beowulf)
|
|
|
gast, noun, m.
|
spirit, soul, angel, ghost
|
|
|
gear, noun, n.
|
year
|
|
|
geard, noun, m.
|
yard, enclosure (cp. Tolkien’s Isengard)
|
|
|
geomor, adj.
|
sad (poet., cp. MnG Jammer)
|
|
|
geond, prep.
|
through, throughout
|
|
|
geong, adj.
|
young
|
|
|
georn, adj.
|
eager (cp. MnE to yearn, MnG gerne)
|
|
|
giedd, noun, n.
|
word, speech, riddle (poet., cp. MnE to gather)
|
|
|
giefu, noun, f.
|
gift
|
|
|
giet, adv.
|
yet, still
|
|
|
gif, conj.
|
if
|
|
|
gioguð, noun, f.
|
youth, young people
|
|
|
gnornian, verb
|
to mourn
|
|
|
god, adj.
|
good
|
|
|
god, noun, m.
|
God
|
|
|
grædig, adj.
|
greedy
|
|
|
grið, noun, n.
|
truce
|
|
|
guma, noun, m.
|
man (poet., cp. MnE ?bridegroom, MnG Bräutigam)
|
|
|
guð, noun, f.
|
battle, war (poet.)
|
|
|
gylp, noun, m.
|
boast, pride (cp. MnE to yelp)
|
|
|
gyse, adv.
|
yes
|
|
|
habban, verb
|
to have
|
|
|
hal, adj.
|
safe, unhurt (cp. MnE whole)
|
|
|
halig, adj.
|
holy
|
|
|
ham, noun, m.
|
home
|
|
|
hat, adj.
|
hot
|
|
|
hatan, verb
|
to command, order, call, name (cp. MnG heissen)
|
|
|
hælan, verb
|
to heal
|
|
|
Hælend, noun, m.
|
Saviour (cp. MnG Heiland)
|
|
|
hæleþ, noun, m.
|
hero (poet., cp. MnG Held)
|
|
|
hæþen, adj.
|
heathen
|
|
|
heafod, noun, n.
|
head
|
|
|
heah, adj.
|
high
|
|
|
hearh, noun, m.
|
heathen scrine (cp. place-name Harrow)
|
|
|
heaðorinc, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
helm, noun, m.
|
protection, cover, helmet
|
|
|
heofon, noun, m.
|
heaven
|
|
|
heorot, noun, m.
|
deer, stag (cp. MnE hart, Heorot in Beowulf)
|
|
|
here, noun, m.
|
army (cp. MnG Heer)
|
|
|
hergian, verb
|
to ravage (cp. MnE to harry)
|
|
|
hild, noun, f.
|
battle (cp. Christian name Hilda)
|
|
|
hlaf, noun, m.
|
bread (cp. MnE loaf)
|
|
|
hlaford, noun, m.
|
lord (cp. OE hlaf, bread, hlaford=hlafweard, the one in charge of the bread)
|
|
|
hlæw, noun, m.
|
mound, barrow (cp. place-names Lewes, Wilmslow, Ludlow)
|
|
|
hleo, noun, n.
|
protection, shelter
|
|
|
holt, noun, n.
|
wood, forest (cp. MnG Holz)
|
|
|
hord, noun, n.
|
hoard
|
|
|
hu, adv.
|
how
|
|
|
hund, noun, m.
|
dog (cp. MnE hound)
|
|
|
hus, noun, n.
|
house
|
|
|
hwa, pron.
|
who
|
|
|
hwæt, pron.
|
what
|
|
|
hwær, adv.
|
where
|
|
|
hwæðer, conj.
|
whether
|
|
|
hwelc, pron. and adj.
|
which
|
|
|
hwil, noun, f.
|
while
|
|
|
hycgan, verb
|
to think, plan
|
|
|
hyge, noun, m.
|
mind, heart, courage (poet., cp. MnDu geheugen, Hygelac in Beowulf)
|
|
|
hyht, noun, m.
|
joy, bliss, hope
|
|
|
hyrde, noun, m.
|
guardian, keeper (cp. MnE shepherd)
|
|
|
hyse, noun, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
ic, pron.
|
I
|
|
|
ides, noun, f.
|
lady (poet.)
|
|
|
ilca, adj. and pron.
|
same (cp. MnE ilk)
|
|
|
isen, noun, n.
|
iron (cp. MnG Eisen, Tolkien’s Isengard)
|
|
|
lac, noun, n.
|
play, sacrifice, offering (cp. MnE to lark)
|
|
|
laf, noun, f.
|
remnant, what is left (cp. MnE to leave)
|
|
|
lagu, noun, f.
|
law
|
|
|
lar, noun, f.
|
teaching (cp. MnE lore)
|
|
|
lað, adj.
|
hateful, hostile (cp. MnE loathsome)
|
|
|
læne, adj.
|
temporary, transitory, granted, lent
|
|
|
leas, adj.
|
devoid of (cp. MnE -less)
|
|
|
leax, noun, m.
|
salmon (cp. MnSw gravad lax)
|
|
|
leode, noun, pl.
|
people (cp. MnG Leute)
|
|
|
leof, adj.
|
beloved, dear (cp. MnE love, MnG lieb)
|
|
|
leoht, noun, n.
|
light
|
|
|
leoð, noun, n.
|
song, poem, poetry (cp. MnG Lied)
|
|
|
lic, noun, n.
|
body (cp. MnG Leiche)
|
|
|
lichama, noun, m.
|
body (cp. MnG Leichnam)
|
|
|
lif, noun, n.
|
life
|
|
|
lind, noun, f.
|
shield (of lindenwood)
|
|
|
lof, noun, n.
|
praise (cp. MnG Lob)
|
|
|
lofgeorn, adj.
|
eager for praise (cp. Beowulf 3182)
|
|
|
lufu, noun, f.
|
love
|
|
|
lyft, noun, f.
|
air, sky, breeze (cp. MnG Luftwaffe)
|
|
|
magan, verb
|
to be able, can, be competent (cp. MnE may)
|
|
|
man, n.
|
crime
|
|
|
manig, adj.
|
many
|
|
|
maðelian, verb
|
to speak (poet.)
|
|
|
maðm, m.
|
treasure
|
|
|
mæg, noun, m.
|
kinsman
|
|
|
mægen, n.
|
strength, power, army (cp. MnE main)
|
|
|
mægð, noun, f.
|
maiden
|
|
|
mære, adj.
|
famous, glorious, notorious (cp. MnG Märchen)
|
|
|
mearc, noun, f.
|
boundary, region, border (cp. MnE Denmark)
|
|
|
mearh, m.
|
horse (cp. MnE mare)
|
|
|
mece, noun, m.
|
sword (poet.)
|
|
|
meodo, noun, m.
|
mead (cp. Tolkien’s Meduseld)
|
|
|
meotod, noun, m.
|
creator (poet., literally ‘the measurer’, cp. MnE meted out)
|
|
|
mere, noun, m.
|
pool, lake
|
|
|
micel, adj.
|
great, large, much
|
|
|
mid, prep.
|
with, amid, among
|
|
|
middangeard, noun, m.
|
world, middle earth (cp. Tolkien’s middle earth)
|
|
|
miht, noun, f.
|
might
|
|
|
mona, noun, m.
|
moon
|
|
|
mod, noun, n.
|
spirit, courage, mind (cp. MnE mood)
|
|
|
modig, adj.
|
brave, bold, arrogant (cp. MnE moody)
|
|
|
modor, noun, f.
|
mother
|
|
|
morþor, noun, n.
|
crime, violence, torment (cp. MnE murder, Tolkien’s Mordor)
|
|
|
motan, verb
|
to may, be allowed to (cp. MnE must)
|
|
|
mund, noun, f.
|
hand, protection (cp. MnG Vormund)
|
|
|
gemynd, noun, n.
|
mind, remembrance
|
|
|
mynster, noun, n.
|
monastery, church (cp. MnE minster)]
|
|
|
nædre, noun, f.
|
snake, serpent
|
|
|
næss, noun, m.
|
headland, bluff (cp. Fife Ness)
|
|
|
neah, adj.
|
near
|
|
|
neorxnawang, noun, m.
|
Paradise (OE wang, noun, m., field)
|
|
|
niman, verb
|
to take (cp. MnE numb, MnG nehmen)
|
|
|
niþ, noun, m.
|
hatred, malice, trouble (cp. MnG Neid)
|
|
|
genog, adj.
|
enough
|
|
|
nu, adv.
|
now
|
|
|
nytt, noun, f.
|
use, utility (cp. MnG Nutzen, MnDu nuttig)
|
|
|
ofer, prep.
|
over
|
|
|
ofermod, noun, n.
|
pride, arrogance, overconfidence (cp. The Battle of Maldon 89)
|
|
|
offrian, verb
|
to offer
|
|
|
oft, adv.
|
often
|
|
|
onfon, verb
|
to receive, accept, take up (cp. MnG empfangen)
|
|
|
ongean, adv.
|
back, again
|
|
|
ongietan, verb
|
to understand, perceive
|
|
|
onginnan, verb
|
to begin
|
|
|
ord, noun, m.
|
point, spear, vanguard
|
|
|
oðer, adj.
|
other
|
|
|
oþ þæt, conj.
|
until
|
|
|
oþþe, conj.
|
or
|
|
|
pæþ, noun, m.
|
path
|
|
|
penig, noun, m.
|
penny
|
|
|
preost, noun, m.
|
priest (cp. MedL presbyter)
|
|
|
rand, noun, m.
|
shield, shield-boss (poet.)
|
|
|
ræd, noun, m.
|
advice (cp. MnG Rat)
|
|
|
rædan, verb
|
to read, instruct, give counsel, rule
|
|
|
gereord, noun, n.
|
speech, voice
|
|
|
rice, noun, n.
|
kingdom (cp. MnE bishopric, MnG Reich)
|
|
|
rice, adj.
|
powerful, great (cp. MnE rich)
|
|
|
rinc, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
rod, noun, f.
|
rood, cross
|
|
|
rodor, noun, m.
|
sky, heaven
|
|
|
run, noun, f.
|
secret meditation (cp. MnG raunen)
|
|
|
sacu, noun, f.
|
battle
|
|
|
samod, adv.
|
together, too, at the same time
|
|
|
sar, adj.
|
sore
|
|
|
sarig, adj.
|
sorrowful (cp. MnE sorry)
|
|
|
sawol, noun, f.
|
soul
|
|
|
sæ, noun, f. and m.
|
sea
|
|
|
sceadu, noun, f.
|
shadow
|
|
|
scealc, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (cp. MnE marshal=officer of state)
|
|
|
sceat, noun, m.
|
surface, region (cp. MnE sheet)
|
|
|
sceatt, noun, m.
|
money, payment (cp. MnE scotfree)
|
|
|
sceððan, verb
|
to injure (cp. MnE scathing)
|
|
|
sceawian, verb
|
to see, look at (cp. MnE to show, MnG schauen)
|
|
|
scieppan, verb
|
to create (cp. MnG schöpfen)
|
|
|
sculan, verb
|
to must, have to (cp. MnE shall, should)
|
|
|
se, seo, þæt, pron.
|
the
|
|
|
secan, verb
|
to seek
|
|
|
secg, noun, m.
|
man, warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
secgan, verb
|
to say
|
|
|
sefa, noun, m.
|
heart (poet.)
|
|
|
sele, noun, m.
|
hall, house (poet.)
|
|
|
sellan, verb
|
to give, sell
|
|
|
sendan, verb
|
to send, throw, hurl, cause to go
|
|
|
seon, verb
|
to see
|
|
|
gesib, adj.
|
related (cp. MnE sibling)
|
|
|
sibb, noun, f.
|
peace (cp. MnE gossip)
|
|
|
sige, noun, m.
|
victory (cp. Christian name Siegfried, MnG Sieg)
|
|
|
simle, adv.
|
always
|
|
|
sinc, noun, n.
|
treasure
|
|
|
singal, adj.
|
perpetual
|
|
|
sið, noun, m.
|
journey, fate, lot, venture
|
|
|
siððan, adv.
|
since, afterwards, later
|
|
|
slean, verb
|
to strike, beat (cp. MnE slay)
|
|
|
smeagan, verb
|
to think, examine
|
|
|
snottor, adj.
|
wise (poet.)
|
|
|
sona, adv.
|
immediately, soon
|
|
|
sorg, noun, f.
|
sorrow, grief, trouble
|
|
|
soþ, adj.
|
true (cp. MnE sooth)
|
|
|
sped, noun, f.
|
success, quickness (cp. MnE good speed, Godspeed, MnG sputen)
|
|
|
spell, noun, n.
|
story, message (cp. MnE gospel, OE god + spel=good message)
|
|
|
sprecan, verb
|
to speak (cp. MnG sprechen)
|
|
|
stan, noun, m.
|
stone
|
|
|
stefn, noun, f.
|
voice (cp. MnG Stimme)
|
|
|
stow, noun, f.
|
place (cp. place-names Felixstowe, Walthamstow)
|
|
|
stræl, noun, m. or f.
|
arrow (cp. MnG Strahl)
|
|
|
sum, adj. and pron.
|
a, a certain, some
|
|
|
gesund, adj.
|
unharmed, whole, uncorrupted (cp. MnE sound)
|
|
|
sunne, noun, f.
|
sun
|
|
|
sunu, noun, m.
|
son
|
|
|
swa, adv.
|
so, thus
|
|
|
sweart, adj.
|
dark, black (cp. MnE swarthy)
|
|
|
swefn, noun, n.
|
dream
|
|
|
swelc, adj.
|
such
|
|
|
sweord, noun, n.
|
sword
|
|
|
sweostor, noun, f.
|
sister
|
|
|
sweotol, adj.
|
clear, manifest
|
|
|
swincan, verb
|
labour, toil, struggle
|
|
|
swiðe, adv.
|
very, greatly
|
|
|
symbel, noun, n.
|
feast
|
|
|
syn, noun, f.
|
crime, sin
|
|
|
teon, verb
|
to draw, drag (cp. MnG ziehen)
|
|
|
tid, noun, f.
|
time (cp. MnE tide)
|
|
|
til, adj.
|
good
|
|
|
tir, noun, m.
|
glory (cp. MnG Zier)
|
|
|
torht, adj.
|
bright
|
|
|
treow, noun, n.
|
tree
|
|
|
treow, noun, f.
|
faith, trust, loyalty (cp. MnE truth)
|
|
|
tun, noun, m.
|
town, village
|
|
|
tungol, noun, n.
|
star
|
|
|
twegen, num.
|
two (cp. MnE twain, Mark Twain)
|
|
|
tweo, noun, m.
|
doubt, uncertainty
|
|
|
þa, adv. and conj.
|
then, when
|
|
|
þær, adv. and conj.
|
there, where
|
|
|
þeah, adv.
|
though
|
|
|
þeaw, noun, m.
|
custom, practice
|
|
|
þegn, noun, m.
|
thane, nobleman, retainer, warrior
|
|
|
þeod, noun, f.
|
people, nation (cp. MnG Deutsch, Dietrich)
|
|
|
geþeode, noun, n.
|
language
|
|
|
þeoden, noun, m.
|
prince, lord (cp. Tolkien’s king of Rohan)
|
|
|
þeow, noun, m.
|
slave, servant (cp. Wealhtheow in Beowulf)
|
|
|
þolian, verb
|
to suffer
|
|
|
þonne, adv.
|
then
|
|
|
þrowian, verb
|
to suffer
|
|
|
þrym, noun, m.
|
glory
|
|
|
þurfan, verb
|
to need
|
|
|
þurh, prep.
|
through
|
|
|
uhta, noun, m. or f.
|
period just before dawn (cp. MnDu ochtend)
|
|
|
uncuð, adj.
|
unknown, strange (cp. MnE uncouth)
|
|
|
ut, adv.
|
out
|
|
|
wæl, noun, n.
|
slaughter, carnage (cp. MnE Valkyrie)
|
|
|
wæstm, noun, m.
|
fruit
|
|
|
wealdan, verb
|
wield, control (cp. MnE to wield, MnG Walter, Gewalt)
|
|
|
wealdend, noun, m.
|
ruler, Lord
|
|
|
weard, noun, m.
|
guardian (cp. MnE ward)
|
|
|
weaxan, verb
|
to grow (cp. MnE to wax)
|
|
|
wen, noun, f.
|
expectation, hope (cp. MnG Wahnsinn)
|
|
|
wendan, verb
|
to go, turn, translate, change (cp. MnE to wend one’s way, Butts Wynd)
|
|
|
weorðan, verb
|
to become, happen (cp. MnG werden)
|
|
|
wer, noun, m.
|
man (cp. MnE werewolf, L vir)
|
|
|
werod, noun, n.
|
troop, company
|
|
|
wic, noun, n.
|
abode (cp. place-names Ipswich, Norwich, Greenwich)
|
|
|
wif, noun, n.
|
woman, wife
|
|
|
wig, noun, n.
|
war, battle
|
|
|
wiga, noun, m.
|
warrior (poet.)
|
|
|
wiht, noun, f. and n.
|
creature, being (cp. MnG Wicht)
|
|
|
willan, verb
|
to want
|
|
|
wine, noun, m.
|
friend, lord (poet., cp. names Edwin, Godwin)
|
|
|
gewinn, noun, n.
|
war, battle, strife
|
|
|
winnan, verb
|
to struggle, fight
|
|
|
gewinnan, verb
|
to conquer, win
|
|
|
wita, noun, m.
|
wise man, counsellor (cp. OE witenagemot, Anglo-Saxon national assembly)
|
|
|
witan, verb
|
to know
|
|
|
wite, noun, n.
|
punishment
|
|
|
wiþ, prep.
|
against, from, with
|
|
|
wlanc, adj.
|
proud
|
|
|
wolcen, noun, n. or m.
|
cloud, sky (cp. MnG Wolke)
|
|
|
woruld, noun, f.
|
world
|
|
|
wrað, adj.
|
hostile (cp. MnE wroth)
|
|
|
wræcca, noun, m.
|
wanderer, exile
|
|
|
wrecan, verb
|
to avenge
|
|
|
writan, verb
|
to write (cp. MnG ritzen)
|
|
|
wudu, noun, m.
|
wood, forest, tree
|
|
|
wuldor, noun, n.
|
glory
|
|
|
wundor, noun, n.
|
wonder, miracle
|
|
|
wunian, verb
|
to dwell (cp. MnG wohnen)
|
|
|
wynn, noun, f.
|
joy (cp. MnE winsome)
|
|
|
wyrcan, verb
|
to make, form, produce
|
|
|
wyrd, noun, f.
|
fate, event (cp. MnE weird)
|
|
|
wyrm, noun, m.
|
worm, serpent
|
|
|
wyrt, noun, f.
|
herb, plant, vegetable (cp. MnE wort)
|
|
|
yfel, adj.
|
evil (cp. MnG übel)
|
|
|
ymb, prep.
|
about, concerning
|
|
|
yrmþu, noun, f.
|
hardship
|
|
|
yrre, noun, n.
|
anger
|
|
|
yþ, noun, f.
|
wave
|
