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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscles that make up the Erector Spinae group
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Iliocostal, Longissimus, Spinalis
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What is the common tendon for the erector spinae group?
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thoracolumbar aponeurosis
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Origin of the spinalis
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Thoracis: spinous processes of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae.
Cervicis: Ligamentum nuchae and the spinous process of C-7 |
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Insertion of the spinalis
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Thoracis: spinous processes of upper thoracic
Cervicis: spinous processes of cervicals, except C-1 |
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What is the name of C-1
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Atlas
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What is the name of C-2
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Axis
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Which is the only vertebra to lack a spinous process, and what replaces it?
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C-1/Atlas. Posterior tubercle
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Lordosis or kyphosis? Cervicle, Thoracic, lumbar, sacral
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Cervical: lordosis
Thoracic: kyphosis Lumbar: lordosis Sacral: kyphosis |
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Someone who has an exaggerated curvature of the spine that results in the hunching over of the neck is said to have...
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a hyperkyphotic curvature of the thoracic spine
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What nerve serves the spinalis muscle?
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Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves (or spinal nerves)
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What nerve serves all of the erector spinae group?
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The dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves
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What are the origins of the longissimus?
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Thoracis: thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Cervisis and Capitus: Transverse processes of upper 5 vertebrae |
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What are the insertions of the longissimus?
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thoracis: Lower nine ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Cervical: TVP of cervical vertebrae Capitus: Mastoid process of temporal bone |
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What nerve serves the longissimus?
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Dorsal primary divisions of spinal nerves
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What are the origins of the iliocostalis?
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Lumborum: thoracolumbar aponeurosis
Thoracis and Cervisis: Posterior surface of ribs 1-12 |
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What are the insertions for the iliocostalis?
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Lumborum: TVP of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12
Thoracis: Posterior surface of ribs 1-6 Cervisis: TVP of lower cervicals |
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What three branches make up the transversospinalis group?
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Multifidi, Rotores, and Semispinalis Capitis
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The transversospinalis group is located deep to which muscles?
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erector spinae muscle group
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What nerve serves the muscles of the transversospinalis group?
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dorsal primary division of spinal nerves
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What is the origin of the multifidi?
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Sacrum and TVP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
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What is the origin of the rotatores?
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TVP of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
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What do the the multifidi and the rotatores insert into?
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Spinous processes of lumbar through the axis (C-2)
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What is the span of the multifidi?
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2-4 vertebrae
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What is the span of the rotatores
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1-2 vertebrae
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What nerve serves the rotatores?
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dorsal primary division of spinal nerves`
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What nerve serves the multifidi?
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dorsal primary division of spinal nerves
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What nerve serves the semispinalis capitis
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dorsal primary division of spinal nerves
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What is the origin of the semispinalis capitis/
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TVP of thoracic vertebrae and articular processes of lower cervicals
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What is the insertion of the semispinalis capitis?
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Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervicals (except C-1), and the superior nuchal line of the occiput
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In contrast to the other back muscles, the spenius capitis and cervicis what?
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run obliquely
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The splenius capitis is deep to what muscles?
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trapezius and the rhomboids (major and minor)
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The splenius cervisis is deep to which muscles?
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splenius capitis
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What is the origin of the splenius capitis?
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ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C-7 through T-3
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What does "nuchae" mean?
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Back of the neck?
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What muscle inserts into the mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line?
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Splenius capitis
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What is the insertion of splenius capitis
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mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
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The splenius cervicis originates with...
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spinous processes of T-3 through T-6
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Which splenius muscle inserts into the TVP of the upper cervical vertebrae?
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Cervicis
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What is the insertion for the splenius cervicis
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TVP of upper cervical vertebrae
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What is TVP
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Transverse processes
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The splenius muscles are innervated by...
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branches of dorsal division of cervical nerves
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What is the nervation for the splenius capitis?
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branches of dorsal division of cervical nerves
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What is the nervation for the splenius cervicis?
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branches of dorsal division of cervical nerves
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Rectus Capitis Posterior major and minor and the oblique capitis superior and inferior make up what grouping of muscles?
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Suboccipital
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What is the innervation for the suboccipital muscles?
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Suboccipital nerves
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The suboccipital muscles are about the size of what?
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pinky nail
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What is the origion of the Rectus Capitis Posterior major?
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Spinous process of C-2 (axis)
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What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
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Tubercle of the posterior arch of the atlas (C-1)
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What is the origin of the oblique captis superior?
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TVP of atlas (C-1)
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What is the origin of the oblique capitis inferior?
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spinous process of axis (C-2)
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What is the insertion point for the rectus capitis posterior major?
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inferior nuchal line of the occiput
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What is the insertion point for the rectus capitis posterior minor?
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Inferior nuchal line of the occiput
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What is the insertion point for the oblique capitis superior?
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Between nuchal lines of occiput
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What is the insertion point for the oblique capitis inferior?
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TVP of atlas (C-1)
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What nerve serves the rectus capitis posterior major?
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Suboccipital
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What nerve serves the rectus capitis posterior minor?
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Suboccipital
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What nerve serves the oblique capitis superior
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Suboccipital
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What nerve serves the oblique capitis inferior?
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Suboccipital
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The quadratus lumborum is the deepest muscle of the what?
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The abdomen
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The quadratus lumborum is deep to what structures?
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thoracolumbar aponeurosis and the erector spinae group
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What is QL?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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What is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
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posterior iliac crest
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What is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
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last rib and TVP of L1-4
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What is the nervation for the QL?
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Branches of first lumbar and 12th thoracic
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What is the nervation for the quadratus lumborum?
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Branches of first lumbar and 12th thoracic
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What muscles make up the abdominals?
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Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis
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What muscles make up the suboccipitals?
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Rectus Capitis Posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, oblique capitis superior, oblique capitis inferior
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Rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis make up what grouping of muscles?
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the abdominals (the abs)
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Which muscles make up a "washboard belly"?
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rectus abdominis
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Which muscles are located just lateral to the rectus abdominis?
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external obliques
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The internal obliques are deep to which muscles?
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external obliques
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The internal obliques run in which direction?
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perpendicular to the external obliques
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The transverse abdominis plays a major role in...
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forced exhalation
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What is the origion of the rectus abdominis?
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pubic crest, pubic symphasis
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What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
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cartilage of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process of sternum
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What nerves serve the abs?
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branches of intercostals
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What is the nervation of the rectus abdominis?
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branches of intercostals
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What is the origin of the external obliques?
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lower 8 ribs
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What is the insertion for the external obliques?
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anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba
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The linea alba runs from the .... to the ....
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xiphoid process; pubic symphasis
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What is the nervation of the external obliques?
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branches of intercostals
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What is the origin of the internal obliques?
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lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
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What is the insertion of internal obliques?
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internal surfaces of lower three ribs (10-12), abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba
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What is the nervation of the internal obliques?
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branches of intercostals
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What is the origin of the transverse abdominis?
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lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, and internal surfaces of lower 6 ribs (7-12)
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What is the insertion of the transverse abdominis?
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abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
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What is the nervation of the transverse abdominis
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branches of intercostals
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What is the primary muscle of respiration?
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diaphragm
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The diaphragm separates what?
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upper and lower thoracic cavities
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What three origins does the diaphragm have?
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Costal attachment: inner surfaces of lower 6 ribs (7-12).
Lumbar attachment: Upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae. Sternal attachment: Inner part of xiphoid process |
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What muscle inserts into the central tendon?
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diaphragm
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What is the insertion of the diaphragm
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central tendon
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What is the nervation of the diaphragm?
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phrenic
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What is the result of an involuntary contraction of the diaphragm?
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hiccup: air rushes into lungs and vocal cords snap shut.
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What organ attaches to the central tendon of the diaphragm via ligaments?
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the heart
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What are the two groups of intercostals?
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external and internal
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The fibers of the external and internal intercostals run... to each other.
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perpendicular
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The external intercostals are used for ... , while the internal intercostals are used for...
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inhalation and exhalation respectively
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What is the origin of an intercostal?
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The inferior border of the rib above
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What is the insertion of an intercostal?
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The superior border of the rib below
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What is the nervation for the intercostals?
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intercostals
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The belly of the superior serratus posterior is partially deep to the ... and has fibers that parallel the superficial ...
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scapula; rhomboids
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The serratus posterior inferior is deep to...
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thoracolumbar aponeurosis
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The origin of the serratus posterior superior
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spinous processes of C7 to T3
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The insertion for the serratus posterior superior
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Posterior surface of second through the fifth ribs
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The nervation for the serratus posterior superior
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spinal nerves 1 through 4
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The origin of serratus posterior inferior
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spinous processes T12- L3
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The insertion of serratus posterior inferior
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Posterior surfaces of ninth through twelfth ribs
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The nervation of serratus posterior inferior
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Spinal nerves 9 through 12
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