Oglethorpe Fall 2014 Dr. Carton Intro To Psychology Final Exam Pt.1

Front 1

Zimbardo's Prison Study

Back 1

- Also known as Stanford Prison Study.

- College volunteer assigned at random as inmates or guards to study the cause of conflict between inmates and prison guards.

- It was a 6 day experiment testing to see if the guards were inherently abrasive towards prisoners or if the position/role caused people to act in such way.

- Results showed that people disregard their morals and values to play whatever role they were playing.

Front 2

Bystander Effect

Back 2

- If many people are present to witness an incident, the less likely any individuals are to respond.

-Shows the diffusion of responsibility.

Front 3

Visual Perception Study

Back 3

- Conducted by Solomon Asch.

- Experiment shows 3 lines (long, medium, short) and asks which line is longer. Confederates will respond with wrong answer to see what the subject will reply.

- Results show that in a group, individuals will conform with the rest of the group. 1/3 conformed on all trials and 75% conformed at least once

Front 4

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Back 4

- A series of social psychiatric experiments to test the willingness of people to perform actions against their personal conscience.

- The Shock Experiments tested subjects in several social environments where the subject would be asked by the "conductor" to "shock" a confederate against the subject's conscience. The levels of amps the subject will deliver measures how far a subject will conform.

- Results showed that most people in most of all the provided situations will conform all the way to the end.

Front 5

Social Psychology

Back 5

- Area of psychology that examines how an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior is influenced by the presence of others and vice versa.

Front 6

Conformity

Back 6

- Individual's behavior adheres to behavior of a group.

Front 7

Factors That Effect Conformity

Back 7

1. Social support (presence of an ally).

2. Attraction and commitment to group.

3. Level of previous expertise on matter.

4. Group size: conformity increases as group size increases and levels out as group size reaches 6-7 people. Afterwards, conformity decreases due to anonymity and because the plausibility of the deceptive plot fails.

Front 8

Diffusion Of Responsibility

Back 8

- As the number of bystanders witnessing an emergency increases, helping behavior decrease.

Front 9

Kitty Genovese Incident

Back 9

- An incident in 1963 that popularized the bystander effect where a woman named Kitty Genovese was stabbed to death in the presence of multiple bystanders.

Front 10

Bystander Intervention

Back 10

- The behavior of helping others in an emergency.

Front 11

Five Step Model of Helping

Back 11

1. Notice the event.

2. Interpret or perceive event as a danger.

3. Accept responsibility.

4. Competency to take action.

5. Act.

Front 12

Stereotype

Back 12

- Generalizations made about the typical characteristics of an individual of a group.

- Can be negative or positive.

Front 13

Prejudice

Back 13

- Pre-judgement and attitude towards an individual based on their affiliation with a group.

Front 14

Discrimination

Back 14

- Differential behavior towards an individual based solely on their membership with a group.

Front 15

Social Categorization

Back 15

- Tendency for people to automatically label people into different groups.

Front 16

Three Levels of Stereotypes

Back 16

1. Public: What we say to others about a group.

2. Private: What we consciously think about a group but not out loud.

3. Implicit: Unconscious mental associations guiding our judgement and actions without our conscious awareness.

Front 17

Allport & Postman's Study (1947)

Back 17

- Observed the "automatic stereotype" phenomenon through this study.

- Study was conducted by showing a picture of a white man holding a razor to a black man on a subway train to a group consisting of white people and a group consisting of black people.

- Subsequent findings show that the white group, as the description was passed down orally, the end result ended in the white group saying they saw a black man holding the razor to a white man.

Front 18

Robber's Cove Experiment (1945)

Back 18

- Experimented the fundamentals of prejudice and cohesion on young children in a "summer camp" setting.

- Divided friends and assigned kids who dont get together to be in a group and soon propaganda was used to successfully create prejudice and rivalry between teams.

- Cooperation against a larger "rival" ended prejudice.