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143 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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penelope
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wife of odysseus
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poseidon
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god of seas, oceans, earthquakes
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aeolus
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god of winds; gave odysseus a bag of winds
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zeus
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god of the univers and other gods
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helen
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"most beautiful woman in the world"" married to Menelaus
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paris
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prince of Troy; "stole" Helen
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hera
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wife of Zeus; was in contest of golden apple
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teiresias
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blind prophetodyseeus met in the underworld
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hades
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god of the underworld
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antinous
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most arrogant of the suitors
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alcinous
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king of the Phaeacians
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telemachus
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son of odysseus
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aphrodite
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goddess who won the contest
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polyphemus
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giant blinded by odysseus
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lotus eaters
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gave Odysseus's crew a plant that caused them to never want to go home
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who was fighting in the war and who won?
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greeks and trojans; greeks won
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how long did the trojan war last?
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10 years in the city of troy
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who discovered odysseus after he had wangered on the ocean for ___ amount of days after leaving calypso's island?
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nausicaa and twenty days
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what did odysseus say his name was when Polphphemus asked?
and how is it significant? |
nohbdy
b/c the other cyclopes couldn't help polyphemus when odysseus was helping him |
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what does in medias res mean?
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in the middle of things
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who were the three goddes who ere competing in the contest of the golden apple?
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hera, aphrodite, and athena
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what did teiresias warn odysseus and his men not to do?
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touch or eat the cattle of helios
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how did odysseus and his men escape?
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by blinding Polyphemus and hiding under the sheep and ram
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how did penelope trick the suitors, delaying marraige to one of them?
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by saying that when she finishes weaving the shroud for Laertes. she would undo the weaving every night
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how was odysseus gone for?
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20 years
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how are Nausicaa and Telemachus foil characters?
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nausicaa lives with both parents and is close with dad and lives in peaceful kingdom
telemachus lives with only mom and doesn't know dad and lives in chaotic kingdom |
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what kind of celebration is taking place when telemachus arrives at Pylos to see Nestor? How is it ironic?
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The celebration for Poseidon is ironic because Poseidon is the only god still mad at Odysseus
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Who is the protagonist and antagoinsts in the epic?
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protagonist- odysseus
antagonists- cyclops, lotus eaters, posedon, the suitors, circe, calypso |
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how does circe delay odysseus and cause him problems?
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turns crew into swine and keeps them for a year
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how is odysseus an epic hero?
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legendary figure of almost superhuman qualities whose adventures form core of epic, shows goals and virtues of entire nation
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Greeks; Trojans
Greeks |
________ and ___________ were fighting in the Trojan War, and ________ won the war
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10; Troy
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trojan war lasted ____ years and took place in the city of _____
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Nausicaa; 20
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____________ discovered odysseus after he had wandered on ocean for ____ days after leaving the island of Calypso
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Nohbdy; other giants couldn't help him
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odysseus told cyclopsthat his name was ______ and that name is significant b/c ____________________________________________________
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in the middle of things
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latin term in medias res means ___ ____ ____________ __ ____________
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touch or eat cattle of Helios
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teiresias warns Odysseus and his men not to ___________________________
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blinding him and riding sheep (3 each) and O. on a ram
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odysseus and his men escape from Cyclops's cave by ________________
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why do the gods punish odysseus?
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odyseeus didn't thank the gods for helping the Greeks win the war and he had anger gods with the horse idea
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why does calypso decide to release odysseus from island?
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gods told her to
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what are some of the themes in odyseey?
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hospitality
love of home loyalty to family loyalty to gods |
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why doesn't cyclops feel he has to give gifts and help odyssesus and men?
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polyphemus doesn't fear zeus and other gods
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who is the author of the trojan war stories?
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homer
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who is the most beautiful mortal woman?
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helen
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who was the leader of the Greek army?
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agamemnon
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who was the husband of helen?
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menelaus
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where was helen kidnapped from?
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sparta
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what was the earliest greek poem?
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Iliad
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what city was priam the king of?
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troy
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what is "he lifted the mighty stone as easily as a child lifts a toy" an example of?
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homeric similie
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who was the messenger god?
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hermes
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who made the judgment that started the war?
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paris
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what is "grey-eyed Athena" an example of?
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epithet
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What is an epic best described as?
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a long narrative poem about a hero
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What does the hero of an epic always do?
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embodies the values of his day
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What was the epic that serves as our primary model for the epic of a long journey?
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the Odyssey
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What were heroes considered to be in Homer's time?
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aristocrats, placed between the gods and ordinary men
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What does a story that is told in chronological order do?
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describes events in order in which they occer
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What are myths?
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stories that use fantasy to express difficult ideas
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What are the rhapsodes?
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historians, entertainers, and myth-makers
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What about the oral tradition of reciting epic poems?
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is still used today, was used in ancient Greece, and arose before people could read
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Why did the rhapsodes use suspense?
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to ensure that their audience would return
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What are the qualitites of an epic poem?
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physically impressive hero of national or historical importance,vast setting involving much of the physical world and sometimes the land of dead, quest or journey in search for something of value, evidence of supernatural forces at work, glirification of hero at end of work, and roots in a specific culture and society
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what is an archetype?
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a perfect example of something or a prototype for which others are modeled after; could be a character, image, symbol, or pattern
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what are archetypal characters?
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characters who are timeless and universal; wouldn't necessarily be someone realistic but would represent a certain ideal (the way someone should be)
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Why are Sleeping Beauty, Snow White, and Cinderella archetypes?
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they are the perfect example of damesels in distress who must be rescued by a hero or prince
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Why is Odysseus the archetypal hero of the Odyssey?
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his journey is the archetypal journey that represents a search for truth or information that many must face; usually the hero must descend into a real or physchological hell and must face his darkest truths, usually his flaws or faults
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Why does Homer invoke the Muse at the beginning of this section?
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to pray for help and inspiration in telling the story
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Where is Odysseus at the beginning of the Odyssey?
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Calypso island of Ogygia
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Who is the patron goddes of Odysseus?
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Athena
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Who is Calypso?
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sea nymph (young single beautiful goddess)
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Who is Athena disguised as when she is with Telemachus?
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Mentor, an old family friend
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What does mentor mean?
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someone who helps another person
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How does Telelmachus display hospitality to his guest?
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invites her into feast, places her away from suitors, lets her sin in throne, takes spear away from her
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What does Athena instruct Telemachus to do?
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call islanders to assemble, set boat together and look for dad, meet Nestor and Menelaus, if dad is dead, hold funeral and make penelope marry suitor and if he is alive, stay away for a year
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why are all of the suitors at Odyseeus's home?
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penelope has no power and they want the kingdom
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What conflicts are there in books 1-4?
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Penelope and Telemachus vs suitors
Odysseus staying w/ calypso peneleope vs what she should do (faithful or not) odysseus vs poseidon athena and other gods and goddesses vs poseidon |
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What is Hermes compared to when going to Calypso's island?
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a seagull
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How is Calypso's island described?
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woods, birds, beautiful, vines, flowers, and four bubbling streams
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What is Odysseus doing when we first meet him?
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on a cliff crying and looking out at sea
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What does Calypso say to him after Hermes leaves?
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she'll let him go, but asks why he wants to go home
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What does Odysseus say to Calypso asks him why he wants to go home?
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still loves Penelope, but not as beautitful as Calyspo, Penelope will grow old and die, wants to go home
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What does Calyspo give Odyesseus to help him leave the island?
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raft and provisions
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What happens to his raft?
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destroyed by Poseidon
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Who is Nausicaa?
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princess of Phaecians (King Alcinous and Queen Arete's daughter?
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What is Odysseus doing at the beginning of book 6?
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sleeping in leaves by the shore
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Whom dows Athena disguise herself as in Nasicaa's dream?
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Dymas's daughter (Nausicaa's best friend)
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what does Athena tell Nausicaa to do?
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do the laundry
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What does the princess tell her father that she needs to do?
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borrow mule and cart to carry laundry ot river
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What is a foil character?
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exact oppposite of another characterin story either in personality or situation
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How does Nausicaa find Odyseeus?
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Naked and coming from woods
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What does Penelope's avoidance of the suitors tell the reader about her?
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she is faithful, hoping Odysseus comes back, and intelligant
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who told the suitors of penelope's secret?
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the maid
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how does antinous respond to telemachus's complaints about the suitors behavior?
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says kick her out of house or have her marry the suitors
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How does Athena suggest to deal with the suitors?
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don't deal with them because they aren't going to change
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who is nestor?
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king of pylos
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how does nestor describe tlemachus?
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just like father (same qualitites and talks like him)
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What are some epithets of characters in the books 1-4?
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clear headed Telemecaus, Gray-eyed athena, and Nestor, master charioter
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What does Telemachus learn from Nestor?
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Telemachus knows nothing and Odysseus is coming home
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Who are Menelaus and Helen?
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king and queen of sparta
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Why doesn't Telemachus reveal his identity to Menelaus and Helen?
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He thinks he will get more truthful answer
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How does Menelause recognize Telemchaus?
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when Telemchaus starts weeping
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How does Helen recognize Telemachus?
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T. looks just look like dad
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What news does Telemachus get from Helen and Menelaus?
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Odysseus is alive and stuck on Calypso's island
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What are the suitors planning to do to Telemachus?
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ambush and kill him when coming home
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What is the importance of the gods and goddesses so far in the epic?
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Athena brings Odysseus home, Posedon is the god that keeps Odyesseus from home and Calypso holds Odysseus hostage
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What is the door to Polyphemus's cave like?
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huge boulder, 24 teams of horses cannot move boulder
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What is the Cyclops doing when we first meet him?
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milking the ewes and stoking fire
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What does Odysseus ask from the Cyclops?
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gifts and help
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What does the Cyclops say about Zeus?
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"we cyclopes care not a whistle for your thundering Zeus or all the gods in bliss"
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Why does Odysseus lie to Polphemus about his ship?
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he doesn't want Polyphemus to wreck his ship
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How long has Odysseus wandered i thes sea since leaving Ogygia?
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20 days and 20 nights
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What does the Cyclops do to the men he eats?
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beats brains out, dismembers them, and eats them
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What does he ask from Nausicaa?
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clothing and help
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How many men did Polyphemus eat in all?
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6
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What instructions deos Nausicaa give Odyseeus before entering town?
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go to her mother in the palace and wait a while before he leaves
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Describe the Phaecians.
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gossiping, kind, good sailors, show hospitality
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How does Athena help Odysseus make him more presentable?
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appear taller, younger, handsome, and curly hair
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What is Odysseus's plan to escape?
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stab Polyphemus in eye
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How do the Phaecians show hospitality to Odysseus?
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lets him stay at palcace, food, clothing, sit at place of honor
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Who is Demodocus and what does he sing about?
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blind minstrel who performs at Phaecian banquet and he sings about the trojan war and wooden horse
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How does Odysseus respong to Demodocus's song?
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he cries
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What is hubris?
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too much pride
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Describe Ithaca
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rocky, NW, surronded by other islands
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how does odysseus feel about his home?
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loves it more than other places on Earth
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What does Odysseus say about his faithfulness to his wife?
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not physically faithful, but mentally faithful
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What is Polyphemus's final curse upon Odysseus?
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O. never go home, let terrible things happen if he does get home, let him lose all of his men, and he hast to come home on a stranger's boate. when he gets home, everything will be in chaos
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Where do Odysseus and his men land after leaving Troy and what do they decide to do?
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Cicones' island, Ismaras. they enslaved women, took wine cattle and sheep
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What are the Cicones like?
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martial, warlike, and trained on horseback
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Who is Aeolus?
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The wind king/god
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How many men are lost to the Cicones?
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72 (6 from every ship)
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How does Aeolus help Odysseus?
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bags up winds so it will be smooth sailing, but crewmen open it
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What happens to anyone who eats the lotus blossum?
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you don't want to do anything but eat lotus
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What does the opening of the wind bag tell us of Odysseus's crew?
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don't trust him, not loyall, rarely obedient, and curious
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Who are the Laestrygonians?
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giant cannibals who eat 11 ships of ment (45 men and oddyseus left) 597 are gone
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Who is Circe?
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goddes and enchantress on lives on aeaea
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Describe Circe's palace
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middle of woods, stone, surronded by wolves and mounain lions
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Who is Odysseus supposed to meet in the Underworld?
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Teiresias- blind prophet
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What is the underworld like and what kinds of people are there?
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dark and gloomy; young, old, and soldiers
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What does Teiresias predict about hte suitors?
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they'll be in house and odysseus will kill them
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What does prediction does Teiresias make about Odysseus in his old age?
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He'll have to make sacrifices to Posedon and other goes in farway land, and he'll live long happy life and dies at sea
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Who else does Odysseus meet in the Underworld?
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his mother, Anticleia
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Why did Anticleia die?
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she had broken heart when Odysseus never cam home after war
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What character flaws has Odysseus displayed?
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boastfulness, hides things from Crew, hubris, and impusiveness
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