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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of the schirmer tear test |
To measure the aqueous component of basal and reflex tear production |
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What would a Schirmer tear test (STT) be preformed |
Red eyes Mucoid/purulent ocular discharge Pigmentary keratitis Monitoring treatment w an animal who has dry eye Monitoring dogs on medications that may decrease tear production |
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What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca |
Dry eye |
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Should the STT be preformed first or after other procedures |
First for accurate results |
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What is the function of the precorneal tear film |
Maintaining corneal health |
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What are the layers of the precorneal tear film |
Inner layer Middle layer Outer layer |
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What produces tears |
Lacrimal gland Gland of the third eyelid |
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What do tears provide |
Oxygen n nutrients to the cornea Flush away debris Maintain hydration of the cornea and conjunctiva Inhibit bacterial growth |
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What is the procedure of a Schirmer tear test |
Folded test strip is placed bw the lower eyelid and the cornea, at the junction of the middle and lateral third of the lower eyelid Kept in place for exactly 1 minute Measure the wet portion against the mm scale on the package Repeat in opposite eye |
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What is a normal STT for dogs |
15mm/min |
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What is a normal Schrimer tear test for cats |
5mm/min |
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What is the purpose of conjunctival culture |
To identify infectious pathogens of the conjunctiva |
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What would indicate conjunctival culture is needed |
Severe chronic conjunctivitis |
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What needs to be discontinued for 5 days before a conjunctival culture is preformed |
Topical and systemic antibiotic treatments |
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What is the procedure of a conjunctival culture |
Moisten sterile cotton swab with sterile saline Evert lower lid Gently swab the conjunctival sac avoiding the eyelid margins Replace the swab in transport tube or inoculate media immediately |
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What is the purpose of Fluorescein staining |
To detect and characterize corneal ulcers, as well as to assess the patency of the nasolacrimal ducts |
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What would indicated the need of a fluorescein staining |
Painful or red eye Visible irregularity or clouding of the cornea Chronic watery ocular discharge Mucoid/ purulent ocular discharge |
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Where does the flurescein distributes |
Preocular tear film |
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Fluorescein retention indicates |
Ulcer or erosion |
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Where does tears drainage out of the eye |
Superior and inferior lacrimal puncta |
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What are lacrimal puncta |
Oval openings located on the inner conjunctival surface of the upper and lower lids |
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Where are the lacrimal puncta located |
adjacent to the medial canthus |
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What connects the nose and lacrimal puncta |
Nasolacrimal duct |
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If fluorescein staining does not drain out of the nose this could indicate |
An obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct |
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What is the procedure of fluorescein staining |
Moisten the end of a strip of fluorescein with a few drops of sterile eyewash Elevate the upper eyelid and touch the bulbar conjuctiva for 2 sec Allow the pt to blink Liberally rinse the eye Examine the cornea in a darken room with a ultraviolet light Observe exteral nares for the appearance of green dye |
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What color with the fluorescein stain turn under uv light |
Glow green |
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What is the purpose of flushing the nasolacrimal ducts |
To relieve minor obstructions of the nasolacrimal ducts |
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What is the procedure of flushing the nasolacrimal ducts |
Wipe excess discharge 2 drops of topical ophthalmic anesthetic After 30sec apply 2 more drops Upper eyelid is rolled out Slide Lacrimal cannula/ iv cath until the punctum is found Flush 2-3 mL of sterile saline If saline does not flow repeat on the lower punctum |
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What is the procedure of applying eye meds |
Clean any discharge with warm water or ophthalmic irrigating solution Tilt head back Lift the upper eyelid Apply med to the sclera at approximately the 12 o'clock position |
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What is the purpose of conjunctival scrapings |
To obtain cells from the conjunctival surface for evaluation |
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What would indicate the need for a conjunctival scraping |
Chronic conjunctivitis and ocular discharge Canine distemper infection (suspected) Cats with suspected chlamydial conjunctivitis Conjuctival masses |
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What is the procedure for conjunctival scrapings |
Wipe discharge Apply 4 drops of topical ophthalmic anesthetic 30sec apart Retropulse to expose the third eyelid Evert the lower eyelid Place the blunt end of a surgical blade or platinum spatula firmly against and scrape along the surface Blot onto glass slide , air dry , and stain Place into a sterile tube and submit for PCR |
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What is the third eyelid also called |
Nictitans |
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What should a normal eye look like |
Clear and free of debris and discharge Third eyelid not visible No gray/blue haze over the eye Clear, white sclera Eyes are not bulging or sunken Pupils are symmetrical No lumps, skin tags, eyelid abnormalities |
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What is the purpose of tonometry |
To obtain diagnostic eye pressures |
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What is a normal intraocular pressure in cats and dogs |
12-22 mm Hg |
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What would indicate the need of tonometry |
Diagnosing or maintaining a pt w glaucoma Diagnosing or maintaining a pt w uveitis |
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What is the procedure of a tonometer |
Apply a topical anesthetic Bring the tonometer bw 4-8 mm away from pt Take 6 measurements Average the results |
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What is a tonometer measurement indicating glaucoma |
IOP > 30 mm Hg |
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What is a tonometer measurement indicating Uveitis |
IOP< 8 mm Hg |
