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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Approx. how many drops are there per mL?
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20
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NaFl is ____ and the corneal epithelium is _____ so that's why NaFl doesn't freely penetrate the corneal layers.
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hydrophilic; lipophilic
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When does sodium fluorescein maximally fluoresce?
Above what pH does the fluorescence reduce? |
7
8 |
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What dye is indicated for rigid contact lens fitting and assessment?
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NaFl
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Why do blood vessels hyperfluoresce with NaFl?
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it binds to albumin and RBCs in blood
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IV NaFl: antecubital vein to CRA= ___ seconds
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15
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What's special about the dye Flurexon and what is it used to evaluate?
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doesn't penetrate SCL as readily; used to eval hybrid contact lenses
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What dyes are retained in the nucleus of cells?
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Rose begal, lissamine green
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T or F: lissamine green has antiviral effects, but rose bengal doesn't
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F...they both do
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What is Fluramene?
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fluorescein and lissamine green
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What's the most common use of indocyanine green?
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ID CNVM (exams the vascular retina and choroid)
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When is indocyanine green contraindicated?
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in patients with iodine or shellfish allergies (contains some sodium iodide)
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What dye is used to stain the lacrimal duct before DCR and sometimes for outlining filtering blebs?
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methylene blue
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What are the two AT polymers bolded in the notes?
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methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcohol
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What is the only AT gel/ung that is water based? What is this good for?
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Genteal Gel; dry eye due to MGD
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What are the three buffers/pH stabilizers?
What are the electrolytes used for? What two ATs have them? |
sodium chloride, potassium chloride, boric acid
reduce osmolarity; hypotears and theratears |
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What are the 5 preservatives listed in the notes?
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BAK, chlorbutanol, sodium perborate, EDTA (polyquarternium), methylparaben
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What are the viscoelastics used for dry eye?
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Sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate
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Why is Vitamin A used in AT preparations?
What is the name of the compound that is a mucolytic? |
plumps up goblet cells (mucin layer)
acetylcysteine |
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What is used in hypertonic solutions (and in what percentages) and why are they used?
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sodium chloride; 2 and 5% solutions; dehydrate cornea (swelling)
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When is lidocaine contraindicated?
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hepatic disease/dysfunction (this is where it is metabolized unlike topical anesthetics)
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Topical LAs have a ___ linkage while injectable have a ___ linkage.
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ester; amide
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What are the 4 LAs that are listed in the notes?
Which is not a PABA analog? Which is only combined with a vital dye? |
1. cocaine
2. tetracaine 3. benoxinate 4. proparacaine proparacaine benoxinate |
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What's the only topical LA that's an amide?
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Akten (lidocaine hydrochloride)
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What are the 5 contraindications for topical LA use?
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1. known hypersensitivity to anesthetic or preservative
2. pt on anticholinesterase inhibitors (Pyridostigmine or Neostigmine) 3. dry eye testing 4. perforating ocular injury 5. cultures (except non-preserved) |
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Whats the prominent sign of LA abuse?
What's the tx? |
Prominent sign: dense yellow-white stromal ring surrounding original corneal insult
Tx = d/c topical anesthetic, Ab, cycloplege, systemic analgesic, possible BSCL (healing may be >6months) |
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What receptor does phenylephrine work on?
What is the mechanism of action of hyroxyamphetamine? |
alpha1; releases NE
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