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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nuclear Sclerosis Cataract may cause a ______ shift while cortical cataracts may cause a _______ shift
A posterior subcapsular cataract often affects near or far vision more? |
myopic (NS)
Hyperopic near |
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Galactosemai and rubella may cause_________
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Infant Cataracts
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3 medications that should be carefully reviewed prior to cataract surgery
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Anticoagulants, alpha-blockers, and prostaglandins
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Flomax is an alpha blocker that can cause ____________ which is characterized by poor preoperative pupil dilation, iris billowing and prolapse, and progressive intraoperative miosis.
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Floppy iris syndrome
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Corneal edema and folds in Descemet's membrane post-cataract surgery; typically will resolve without tx within days
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Striate Keratopathy
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Post cataract surgery: progressively decreasing vision, redness, and increasing pain. 70% cases are gram +, including Staph.
May see: significant anterior chamber reaction that can be accompanied by hypopyon, vitritis, chemosis, eyelid edema, and a reduced red reflex |
Acute Postoperative Bacterial Endophthalmitis
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What do Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Weill-Marchesani Syndrome, and Homocystinuria have in common?
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Systemic conditions that can cause lens subluxation
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Epithelial cell proliferation results in clouding of the posterior capsule (most common within 2-6 months after surgery)
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Posterior Capsular Opacification (PCO)
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Most common cause is post cataract sugery; this occurs within the outer plexiform layer and is referred to as Irvine-Gass Syndrome
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Cystoid Macular Edema (CME)
other causes: intraocular surgery, DR, RVO, uveitis, RP, ARMD, retinal vasculitis (sarcoidosis, Behcet's syndrome) and Coats disease |
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Numerous small, yellow-white, refractile particles (calcium-phosphate soaps) attached to collagen fibrils in an essentially normal vitreous-unilateral in 75% of cases
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Asteroid Hyalosis
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Unilateral, golden-brown, refractile cholesterol crystals that are freely mobile in the vitreous cavity
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Synchysis Scintillans
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Acute onset of floaters, flashes of light (photopsia), and decreased vision
Weiss ring, posterior hyaloid displaced anteriorly, vitreous pigment cells, vitreous heme |
Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD)
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Sudden, painless vision loss and or black spots that can have corresponding flashing light
Mild: blood that obscures part of the fundus view Severe: no fundus view |
Preretinal/Vitreous Hemorrhage
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Most common systemic cause of a spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage
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Diabetes
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Sudden, unilateral painless vision loss in an elderly pt (90% are > than 50 years old)
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Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
"blood and thunder" |
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Leading cause of vision loss in both ischemic and non-ischemic CRVO's
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Macular Edema
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#1 risk factor for a CRVO
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HTN (61%)
results from compression of an artery on a vein |
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In young pts with CRVO or BRVO, consider what conditions for etiology?
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Oral contraceptive pills, protein S/protein C/antithrombin III deficiency, factor XII deficiency, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, collagen vascular disease and AIDS
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What quadrant is the mostly likely location for a BRVO?
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Superior/temporal
typically at AV crossings |
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Acute, profound vision loss
APD, cherry red spot in foveola, superficial whitening of inner retinal layers |
CRAO
most commonly arise from heart and or carotid artery emboli |
