Ocular Biology V540 Chapter 9

Front 1

The first hairs to form in utero.

Primary function is to keep sweat and rain out of the eye.

Back 1

Eyebrows

Front 2

Muscle that is oriented vertically and raises the eyebrow. Shows suprise or attention

Back 2

frontalis

Front 3

Muscle that is oriented obliquely and it moves the eyebrow medially toward the nose creating vertical furrows between the brow. Shows trouble or concentration

Back 3

corrugator

Front 4

Muscle that pulls the medial portion of the eyebrow inferiorly and produces furrows over the bridge of the nose. Shows menace or aggression.

Back 4

procerus

Front 5

Muscle that lowers the entire brow.

Back 5

orbicularis oculi

Front 6

folds of skin or tissue that when closed, covers the globe

Back 6

eyelids, palpebrae

Front 7

eyelids 4 major functions?

Back 7

1. cover globe for protection
2. move tears toward drainage
3. spread the tear film over the anterior part of globe
4. contain structures that produces the tear film

Front 8

incomplete closure of the eyes is known as _____. Most evident during sleep and causes itchy scratchy eyes when waking up

Back 8

logophthalmos

Front 9

fissure between the open eyelids is ____ ____

Back 9

palpebral fissure

Front 10

the lateral spot where the upper and lower eyelid meet is _____ ____

the medial spot where the upper and lower eyelid meet is _____ ____

Back 10

lateral canthus

medial canthus

Front 11

tears pool at the medial side at the _____ ______

Back 11

lacrimal lake

Front 12

underneath the lacrimal lake and in the medial canthus is the _____ ______, a fold of conjuctiva allowing lateral eye movement without stretching bulbar conjuctiva. right next to this is ______ that has underlying epithelium containing goblet cells and glands

Back 12

plica semilunaris

caruncle

Front 13

the upper eyelid extends to the eyebrow as is divided into a upper portion ___ ___ and lower protion called ___ ___

Back 13

orbital/preseptal portion

tarsal portion

Front 14

how long does it take for eye lashes to grow to full size and how many rows are there?

Back 14

10 weeks

double or triple rows

Front 15

disease that causes loss of eye lashes?

disease that causes the eye lashes to grow misdirected into the eye?

Back 15

madarosis

trichiasis

Front 16

the medial 1/6 of the eyelid margin is called ____ ____ and the lateral 5/6 is called ___ ____

Back 16

lacrimal portion

ciliary portion

Front 17

a vertical fold of skin at the nasal canthus. it is common in newborns.

Back 17

epicanthus

Front 18

eversion of the eyelid margin is ____ and the common cause is loss of muscle tone with aging. This causes the punctum to fall away from the globe and ____, overflow of tears to fall on the cheek causing maceration of the skin

Back 18

ectopion

epiphora

Front 19

inversion of the eyelid margin is ____ which results from spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle that causes the lid margin to turn inward

Back 19

entropian

Front 20

muscle that retracts the upper eyelid, is located within the orbit above the globe

Back 20

superior palpebral levator

Front 21

this____ ____ ligament acts as a fulcrum, changing the anteroposterior direction of the levator to superoinferior

Back 21

superior transverse (ligament)

Front 22

contraction of ____ muscle causes elevation of the eyelid

Back 22

levator

Front 23

the ____ muscle originates on the posteroinferior aspect of the levator. it provides an additional 2 mm of lid elevation.

Back 23

muller muscle

Front 24

the superior and the inferior tarsal muscles are innervated by ____ fibers

Back 24

sympathetic

Front 25

condition where the upper eyelid droops or sags

Back 25

ptosis

Front 26

____ ____ are sebaceous glands embedded in the tarsal plate, secretes the outer lipid layer of the tear film

Back 26

meibomian glands

Front 27

____ ____ ____ ____ secretes sebum into the hair follicle of the cilia, caoting the eyelash shaft to keep it from becoming brittle

Back 27

sebaceous glands of Zeis

Front 28

____ ____ are modified sweat glands located near the lid margin whose ducts empty into hair follicle or zeis gland duct

Back 28

glands of moll

Front 29

these glands secretions contribute to the aqueous layer of the tear film

Back 29

krause and wolfring glands

Front 30

____ ____ is composed of two layers and is located on the posterior side of the eyelid

Back 30

palpebral conjunctiva

Front 31

_____ __ deficiency has been associated with loss of goblet cells and keratinization of the epithelium.

Back 31

vitamin A

Front 32

____ ____ are filled with mucoid material and are found most often in the alpebral conjunctiva. conjunctiva ____ are small yellow nodules and most often are in the tarsal conjunctiva

Back 32

conjunctival cysts

concretions

Front 33

a acute inflamation of an eyelid gland, usually caused by staph

infected zeis/moll is ____ (external/internal)
infected meibomian gland is ____ (external/internal)

Back 33

hordeolum

external hordeolum

internal hordeolum

Front 34

a ____ is a localized, noninfectious, and painless swelling of a meibomian gland, often caused by an obstructed duct

Back 34

chalazion

Front 35

the upper eyelid is supplied by the ___, ____, ____, and the ____ nerves, which are branches of the opthalmic division

Back 35

supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, and lacrimal nerves

Front 36

the lower eyelid is supplied by ____ branch of the ophthalmic nerve and ____ nerve, is a branch of the maxillary division

Back 36

infratrochlear

infraorbital

Front 37

motor control of the orbicularis muscle is through ____ and ____ branches of the facial nerve

Back 37

temporal
zygomatic

Front 38

motor control of the levatator muscle is through the ____ ____ of the oculomotor nerve

Back 38

superior division

Front 39

the tarsal smooth muscles are innervated by sympathetic fibers from the ____ ____ ____

Back 39

superior cervical ganglion

Front 40

the tissue that lines the eyelids is ____ ____. the tissue covering the sclera is ____ _____. the cul-de-sac connecting these two is ____ ____

Back 40

palpebral conjunctiva

bulbar conjunctiva

conjunctival fornix

Front 41

the two layers of a conjunctiva is the ____ epithelium and the ____

Back 41

conjunctival

submucosa

Front 42

vessels drain into the lymphatics of the eyelids. those from the lateral aspect empty into ___ ____ ____. the medial aspect empty into ____ ____ ____

Back 42

parotid lymph node

submandibular lymph node

Front 43

sensory innervation of the bulbar conjunctiva is through ____ ____ ____

Back 43

long ciliary nerves

Front 44

sensory innervation of the superior palpebral conjunctiva is provided by ____ and ____ branches of the opthalmic nerve.

Back 44

frontal and lacrimal

Front 45

all sensory information is carried in the ____ nerve

Back 45

trigeminal

Front 46

"pink eye" or any inflamation of the conjunctiva is known as _____

Back 46

conjunctivis

Front 47

in inflamation conditions, fluids accumulate in the loose stromal tissue, this conjunctival edema is____

Back 47

chemosis

Front 48

dilation and engorgement of the conjunctival blood vessels also occur with inflammation. this vascular change is ____ ___

Back 48

conjunctival injection

Front 49

a opaque and slightly elevated mass of modified conjunctival tissue in the interpalpebral area is ____

Back 49

pinguecula

Front 50

a fibrovascular over growth of bulbar conjunctiva onto cornea is ____

Back 50

pterygia

Front 51

below the conjunctival stroma is a thin, fibrous sheet called ___ ____ which serves as a fascial cavity where the globe can move

Back 51

tenon's capsule

Front 52

outer most layer of the tear film _____ layer. middle layer of the tear film is ____ layer. the innermost layer _____ layer.

Back 52

lipid

aqueous

mucous layer

Front 53

there are approx __ number of lacrimal excretory ducts

Back 53

12

Front 54

alteration in any layer of the tear film can result in ___ ____

Back 54

dry eye

Front 55

the tear reservoir is ___ ___. in the medial canthus

Back 55

lacrimal lake

Front 56

the nasolacrimal drainage system consists of ____, ____, _____, and ______.

Back 56

puncta, canaliculi,lacrimal sac, and nasolarimal duct

Front 57

the punctum is located on ____ ____, a elevation in the tissue

Back 57

lacrimal papillae

Front 58

each punctum opens into a tube called ___ ____

Back 58

lacrimal canaliculus

Front 59

this fold of mucosal tissue prevents movement of fluid up the duct from the nasal cavity, its called ____ of _____

Back 59

valve of hasner

Front 60

during the blink the eyelids first touch at the ____ ____

Back 60

temperal canthus