Ocular Anatomy

Front 1

Describe function of:
Corrugator
Procerus
Frontalis

Back 1

Corrugator: in corner, pulls medially (pain, distress, conc)
Procerus: vertically from nose; pulls down for agression/menace
Frontalis: Main elevator; look of surprise.

Front 2

What nerves travel through CTR (common tendinous ring)

Back 2

above: lacrimal, frontal, trochlear
in: NOA (nasocil, oculomotor, abducens)
below: inferior ophthalmic vein

Front 3

What do SPCA's supply?

Back 3

Form Circle of Zinn. Supplies:
-superficial ONH
-posterior choroid

Front 4

What do LPCA's supply?

Back 4

-Anterior choroid
-MACI (iris, CB)

Front 5

What glands do these secretions:
Holocrine:
Apocrine:
Merocrine:

Back 5

Holocrine: meibomian (cell dies)
Apocrine: Moll, Zeis, goblet (apex burst)
Merocrine: lacrimal & accessory lac (merely secretes)

Front 6

What is syneresis?

Back 6

Breaking down of GAG hyaluronic acid so that liquid comes out of gel and forms lacunae and strands.

Front 7

What makes up MACI?

Back 7

LPCA and anterior ciliary arteries from muscular branches of ophthalmic (supply 4 recti muscle)

Front 8

Horizontal and vertical diameter of cornea?

Back 8

Horizontal: 11.7
Vertical: (10.6)

Front 9

Megalocornea:
Microcornea:

Back 9

Megalocornea: 13 mm
Microcornea: 10 mm

Front 10

What layers of the K don't regen?

Back 10

Bowman's and endothelium. Descemet's triples (D3) throughout life.

Front 11

Do endothelial cells have maculae occludens or zonula occludens for junctions?

Back 11

macula. They're leaky to allow aa and glucos and nutrients into K.

Front 12

What innervates cornea?

Back 12

V1 through ant cil, long post cil, short post cil

Front 13

What causes PSC's the most?

Back 13

systemic steroid use

Front 14

What part of the cornea is:
-thinnest
-weakest
-thickest

Back 14

-thinnest: 0.30 mm under recti tendon
-weakest: lamina cribrosa
-thickest: 1.0 mm posterior pole

Front 15

Layers of eye from in to out (sclera/tenons, conj stroma/epithel)

Back 15

Sclera, episclera, tenon's capsule, conjunctival stroma, conj epithelium

Front 16

What drains 90% of aqueous?
10%?

Back 16

90%: trabecular meshwork (corneoscleral and juxtacanalicular)
10%: uveoscleral (goes through CB)

Front 17

Name the layers of the iris. Where are the smooth sph pupillae and dilator?

Back 17

-Anterior border layer (provides color)
-Stroma (sphincter muscle)
-Anterior epithelium (dilator muscle)
-Posterior pigm epith

Front 18

Order of strength of vitreous attachments (strongest to weakest).

Back 18

Vitreous base (ora serrata)
posterior lens (Weiger's ligament)
ONH
macula
retinal vessels

Front 19

Type of collage in:
Descemet's:
Bowman's:
Vitreous:

Back 19

Descemet's: 4 (increases in thickness)
Bowman's: 1 (thin)
Vitreous: 2 (2 is more round than 1 & 4)

Front 20

Rod density is greatest how many mm from fovea?

Back 20

5 mm

Front 21

Size in mm/DD of the following:
ONH:
Fovea:
Macula:
Parafovea:
Perifovea:

Back 21

ONH: 1.5 mm
Fovea: 1 DD
Macula: 3 DD
Parafovea: 0.5 mm
Perifovea: 1.5 mm

Front 22

Location of cranial nerves.

Back 22

3, 4 - Midbrain
5, 6, 7, 8 - Pons
9, 10, 11, 12 - Medulla

Front 23

Cranial nerves:
CN 5
CN 7

What happens when you get poked in the eye? Why do you water?

Back 23

CN 5:
sensory, sensory, sensory (facial) w/a little motor (mastication)

CN 7:
motor motor motor (facial muscles) w/a little sensory (ant 2/3 taste on tongue) AND lacrimation, salivation

Poked in eye: CN5 sensory, part of it goes to CN7 to induce reflex tearing.

Front 24

Optic nerve goes to:
-Pretectal nucleus
-LGN
-Superior colliculus

What do they do?

Back 24

-PPretectal nucleus: PPupils
-LGN: visual cortex
-SSuperior colliculus: SSaccades

Front 25

What CN innvervates dilator muscle?

Back 25

5 to dilate
via LPCN's

Front 26

What's in the cavernous sinus?
What nerve isn't traveling against the wall?

Back 26

CN 3, 4, 6, V1, V2, internal carotid, postganglionic symp (ophthalmic nerve)
CN 6 is next to internal carotid

Front 27

Where do the internal and external carotids anastomose?

Back 27

superficial temporal artery with supraorbital artery

Front 28

What nerve supplies cornea, iris, and tip of nose?

Back 28

Nasociliary (V1, ophthalmic, of CN5)

Front 29

In the case of a oculomotor palsy, what would you suspect with a:
-pupil-involving
-pupil-sparing

Where are the pupil fibers located?

Back 29

-pupil-involving: posterior communicating artery aneurysm

-pupil-sparing: Diabetes or HTN (very small blood vessels)

-Pupil fibers located peripherally in CN3

Front 30

What is the chorda tympani nerve, and what does it carry?

Back 30

Part of CN7 that carries taste from ant 2/3 or tongue and parasymp for submandibular and sublingual glands

Front 31

What do SPCN's carry?
LPCN's?

Back 31

SPCN: parasymp, symp, sensory (to CN3)

LPCN: symp, sensory (to CN3)

Front 32

Which vessels can autoregulate?

optic nerve
choroid
retina
extraocular vessels

Back 32

optic nerve
retina

Front 33

Where do the superior and inferior medial fibers end up?

Back 33

Inferior: anterior knee of Wilbrand and end up lateral (eventually go to Meyes loop in temporal lobe)
(Lower fibers Lateral in meyer's Loop end in Lingual gyrus)

Superior: posterior knee of Wilbrand, end up medial

Front 34

What kind of field defect results from right post chiasmal lesion?

Back 34

Left homonymous VF defect (left field defect in both eyes)

Front 35

What 2 arteries supply occipital lobe?

Back 35

1-middle cerebral (internal carotid)
2-posterior cerebral (basilar; calcarine branch is main supply of visual cortex and also LGN)

Both must be knocked out w/stroke to affect acuities

Front 36

Where along the visual pathway do defects respect the horizontal midline? The vertical midline?

Back 36

horizontal: anterior to chiasm (glaucoma)

Vertical: posterior to chiasm. The more posterior = more congruent.

Front 37

Which of the following does not contribute to ocular structures:
-mesoderm
-ectoderm
-endoderm

Back 37

endoderm

Front 38

What causes a coloboma?
What structures in the eye can have colobomas?
Inf or sup more common?

Back 38

-Failure of fetal fissure to close.
-Choroid, retina, optic nerve, lids, iris, CB.
-Inferior more common

Front 39

What does the inner layer of the cup become?
Outer?

Back 39

-Inner: neural retina, non-pigmented CB epith, post pigmented iris (superficial structures)
-Outer: RPE, pigmented CB epith, ant nonpigm iris epith

Front 40

In regards to lens nuclei, what do the posterior and anterior lens epithelium produce? Which has primary and which has secondary lens fibers?

Back 40

-Posterior lens epith: differentiates into primary lens fibers to produce embryonic lens nucleus at 2 months. All subsequent growth is from secondary fibers in ant lens epith.
-Anterior lens epith: after embryonic nucleus formed, these secondary lens fibers produce (in order) fetal, juvenile, adult (birth to sexual maturation), lens cortex (after maturation).

Front 41

What are the erect and inverted Y sutures seen in slit lamp?

Back 41

Secondary lens fibers denoting boundaries of fetal nucleus. Embryonic nucleus contain no sutures.

Front 42

Which 2 layers start together before eye forms?

Back 42

Surface ectoderm (outer) and neural ectoderm (inner).

Neural ectoderm goes in to form retina & such.

Front 43

What does surface ectoderm become?

Back 43

-corneal epithelium and lens (lens placode starts on surface then invaginates to form optic vessicle)
-lacrimal gland, nasolacrimal stuff
-epithelium of glands and conj

Front 44

What does neural ectoderm become?

Back 44

-retina, RPE, neuroglia
-CB and iris epith
-optic nerve fibers
-sphincter and dilator muscles (exception; most muscles come from mesoderm)

Front 45

What does neural crest become?

Back 45

-corneal layers (all but epith, endo first)
-*TM
-iris & CB stroma
-sclera and choroid
-vitreous

Think Crest toothpaste (stroma, vitreous)

Axenfeld's anomaly/syndrome and Reiger's anomaly/syndrome occur due to irregular neural crest cell development

Front 46

What does mesoderm become?

Back 46

MMuscles!
EOM's, orbicularis oculi, levator palpebrae, muscle of Muller, endoth of blood vessels
-All muscles except iris sph/dilator)

Front 47

Trick to embryology:

Back 47

-Surface ectoderm deals w/everything air touches (outside).
-Mesoderm is muscles
-Inside the eye, neural ectoderm deals w/superficial stuff while neural crest deals with inside stuff and toothpaste-like stuff

Front 48

What does the eye come from?

Back 48

Diencephalon (Di and eye)

Front 49

Posterior lens epithelium become primary/secondary lens fibers.

Anterior lens epithelium become primary/secondary lens fibers.

Back 49

primary

secondary