• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/11

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Define thoracic outlet syndrome...
Main symptoms?
is a syndrome involving compression of nerves blood vessels or both... more of a neurological presentation
- pain upper extremities toward ulnar side
- raising arms, arms moving neck pain
What are some muscle machine tests to rule out nerve problem and results?
EMG/NCS:
to rule out:
1. radiculopathy- inflammation of nerve so patterns follow dermatome
2. Carpal tunnel syndrome
3. Nerve injury
What are the main etiologies of TOS?
1. Osseous- first rib injury, callus formation in process of healing
2. Soft Tissue- scalene and/or pectoral muscle contraction due to posture or structure change (i.e. trauma, Pancoast's tumor)
3. Vascular
4. Neurogenic-
Depends on cause
Describe the following types of tests...
a. Adson's maneuver-
b. Wright's hyperabduction
a. checking radial pulse, while patient is looking away and ABducted 90 degrees if Radial pulse goes away after deep breath... positive for TOS
b.
What is the order of the physical exam used to diagnose TOS?
1. History
2. Neurological of upper extremities
3. Vascular
4. Provocative tests
5. Osteopathic evaluation
What are the provocative physical exams to diagnose TOS?
a. Adson's maneuver- scalenes
b. Wrights hyperabduction- pectoralis minor
c. costoclavicular maneuver
d. east test or hands up test- cervical nerve root problem
e. spurling's test
Describe the following types of tests
a. costoclavicular maneuver
b. east test
a. ABduct and extend arm back... if pain or shooting = positive for nerve
b. hand above head 90' opening and closing hands, if pain or numbness = positive for nerve
Describe the following types of test
a. Wrights
feel radial pulse and then have patient puts thenar side of hand on head... if pulse diminishes= positive
What are procedures that could use for TOS diagnosis?
a. X-rays- if apical lung tumor, cervical rib
b. CT
c. MRI- radicular, nerve problems
d. angiography
e. venography
f. EMG- 2-4 weeks before pathology shows (plexopathy)
g. doppler flow studies
What are nerve suggestive of TOS?
low amplitude median motor, ulnar motor, ulnar sensory responses

- normal median sensory conduction
What are treatments of TOS?
Medicine-
a. analgesics
b. NSAIDs/Steroids
c. Muscle relaxants
2. PT
3. Self stretching- key to success
4. OMT- myofascial release, muscle energy
5. Surgery- (last resort)-
- first rib taken out -"trans axillary"
- sclenectomy