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117 Cards in this Set
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Founded in 1664 |
British Royal Marines |
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Col. William Gooch raised 3,000 "volunteers" to serve aboard ships and fight against pirates in Britain's war with Spain in the 1700's. These men were known as: |
Gooch's Marines |
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USMC birthday: |
10 November 1775 |
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Ordered to raise the required number of Marines to form 2 battalions and considered the first traditional commandant of the Marine Corps |
Samuel Nicholas |
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Birthplace of the Marine Corps |
Tun Tavern, Philadelphia |
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Owner of Tun Tavern and known as the first recruiter in USMC history |
Capt Robert Mullan |
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Nickname derived from a leather collar worn from 1775-1875 to protect from sword slashes and helped Marines keep their heads erect. Commemorated by high collar on dress blues today. |
Leatherneck |
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Rope sewn into a cross shape on top of officer covers so sharpshooters in the ships's riggings could readily identify them |
Quatrefoil |
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The common spirit reflected by all members of a unit. The unit's personality, expressing the units will to fight in spite of the odds. |
Esprit de Corps |
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Military virtues for Espirit De Corps and what kills Esprit |
Unselfishness, self-discipline, duty, honor, patriotism and courage.
Idleness, the curse of military life kills esprit. |
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Indicators of esprit de corps |
PAWAE
-Pride in the history & traditions of the unit. -A good reputation among other units. -Willing participation by member in unit activities. -A strong competitive spirit. -Expressions from Marines that show enthusiasm for & pride in their unit.
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Marines who served for the Continental Congress during the Revolution |
Continental Regular Marines |
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Each state during the American Revolution deployed its own Navy and Marine Corps known as: |
Marines of the State Navies |
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First amphibious landing |
New Providence, Bahamas led by Capt Samuel Nicholas to support George Washington's army. |
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300 Marines joined Gorge Washington's army prior to which battle in 1776. 1st instance in which regular Marines served with the Army. |
Battle of Trenton |
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1st official commandant of the USMC |
Maj William Ward Burrows |
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First Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps |
SgtMaj Archibald Sommers |
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Location for the permanent home of the Marine Corps in Washington DC. "Oldest Post in the Corps" |
Intersection of Eighth and 'I' streets. Made in 1806, today, the commandant and the band reside there. |
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Established in 1798, the Marine Corps band was commissioned by President Jefferson as |
"The President's Own" |
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Snuck aboard the Philadelphia in Tripoli and burned it to deny her use to the Tripolitanians. Lord Horatio Nelson praises the action as the "most bold and daring act of the age" |
Navy Lieutenant Steven Decatur |
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Prince Hamet of Tripoli presented this sword to Lt Presley O'Bannon as a token of gratitude |
Mameluke sword. Oldest weapon still in use today by any US Armed Forces |
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MajGen Andrew Jackson commended the USMC for their conduct and heroism to help defeat the 9,000 British here and Congress praised them for their "high sense of valor and good conduct" for their actions at: |
New Orleans in 1814. |
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Served 39 years as commandant and is known as the "Grand Old Man of the Corps". Turned USMC into a professional organization by introducing higher standards in personal appearance, training, and discipline. He instituted professional schools and a fair promotion system for officers and NCO's. |
Commandant Archibald Henderson |
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In 1846 US found itself at war with this country over territorial disputes in the Southwest. |
Mexico (Mexican War) |
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The landing at this location was the first American large-scale amphibious landing (12,000 army, navy, and USMC) |
Landing at Vera Cruz, Mexico |
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The scarlet stripe, or "blood stripe" worn today on the blue dress trousers is to commemorate the bloodshed by officers and NCOs at this battle |
The Battle of Chapultepec |
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Actions in the Mexican War commemorated in the opening lines of the USMC Hymn |
"From the Halls of Montezuma, to the Shores of Tripoli." |
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In 1859 Marines under command of Colonel Robert E. Lee stormed the US arsenal at Harper's Ferry to end attempted slave revolt led by the abolitionist |
John Brown |
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At the beginning of the Civil War what percent of the Marine officers resigned their commissions to fight for the South? |
40% |
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During the Civil War it was the first time in US history that an _____________ organization of Marines was created in advance of a campaign to serve with the fleet and assault the enemy from the sea (The seed of the modern Marine Corps) |
Amphibious |
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At Dewey's Bluff this corporal and 11 others from the ships company braved Confederate fire on the exposed deck to extinguish the fires on the gun crew's deck after it was dismantled and return the gun to action. He is also the 1st Marine in history to receive the MOH. |
Corporal John Mackie |
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Designed the Marine Corps emblem in 1868 consisting of 3 distinct parts |
An Eagle (nation) Globe (worldwide service) Anchor (sea traditions) |
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Semper Fidelis is today's USMC motto, meaning "Always Faithful" and was adopted in ______ by _____________________ |
1883, Commandant Charles McCawley |
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This person surprised the Spanish fleet and destroyed them at Manila Bay. Proclaiming, " if he had 5,000 marines embarked with his squadron at Manila Bay, he could have taken Manila on 1 May and the Philippine Insurrection might have been avoided" |
Admiral Dewey |
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Awarded the MOH for bravely exposing his body to enemy fire in order to signal the navy ships to shift their fire away from from the Marine Companies |
Sgt John H. Quick |
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Was awarded his first MOH for his actions during the Boxer Rebellion when he volunteered to defend a key position while his officer left for reinforcements and held the position an entire night, singlehandedly holding off wave after wave of rebels. |
Pvt. Dan Daly |
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In this country the US decided to intervene when a revolt began in 1910 to protect US lives and property because there had been longstanding tension with the country. These actions lead to the most protracted of all the Banana War actions, with USMC intervention lasting well past WW1. |
Nicaragua |
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In Nicaragua the Marines were involved in what could have been the first close air support sortee at the |
Battle of Ocotal |
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This Marine inspired his marines by walking down the center of the streets of Vera Cruz, ignoring bullets landing at his feet and pointed out snipers to his men. "Fearlessness under fire" He was awarded his first MOH for his actions. |
Maj Smedley Butler |
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Both Dan Daly and Smedley Butler earned their 2nd MOH at this location |
Haiti |
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Dominican Republic |
US occupied for a long time. |
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In the Banana Wars the USMC learned key lessons and recorded them in the Small Wars Manual |
Marines demonstrated their value as an amphibious force in readiness and compiled all the lessons learned into the Small Wars Manual in 1940, containing info relevant to fighting low intensity conflicts (guerilla warfare). Lessons written in the SWM are time tested and were implemented during conflicts in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq |
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First Marine Aviator |
Alfred A. Cunningham |
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Famous marine slogan that came about at the beginning of WW1 |
"First to Fight" |
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Scarlet and green cord worn on the left shoulder of Marine service and dress uniforms in the 5th and 6th Marine regiments |
French Fourragere |
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Famous quotes at Belleau Wood after Marines instructed to "hold the line at all hazards" |
"Retreat hell, we just got here!" - Capt Lloyd Williams
"Come on, you sons of bitches! Do you want to live forever?" -GySgt Dan Daly |
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Nickname Germans gave the Marines during WW1 at Belleau Wood |
"Teufelhunden" which means "Devil Dogs". Also called "Shock Troops" as well by German high command |
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General Russell established this force in 1993 with the mission of executing landing operations |
Fleet Marine Force (FMF) |
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The French awarded the Marines for their gallantry at Belleau Wood by giving them |
The Croix de Guerre |
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Casualties were high and Marines were rewarded a second Croix de Guerre for their performance at |
Soissons |
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Offensive intended to break the back of the German army and ended up not having many casualties |
St. Milhiel |
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French awarded Marines with their 3rd Croix de Guerre of WW1 for there gallantry at this battle. The 3rd award entitled Marines to wear the French Fourragere. |
Blanc Mont Ridge |
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First woman marine |
Opah Mae Johnson |
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Post WW1 the concept of close air supports was implemented for the first time and the serious study of amphibious assault was undertaken, which generated the first |
Manual for Landing Operations |
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13th commandant of the USMC, enhanced the officer corps, formalized customs for the USMC birthday, declared scarlet and gold the official colors of the USMC. |
Commandant General John A. Lejeune |
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What does the scarlet and gold stand for? |
Scarlet- blood marines shed Gold-shows the world that Marines are bold |
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Envisioned conflict between US & Japan would tempt Japanese to attack the American Pacific Fleet, revolutionized USMC thinking by proposing marines would have the task of seizing and holding advanced bases for the Navy. |
LtCol Earl H. Ellis |
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To warn of approaching German aircraft during the months in Iceland, marines employed _________ for the first time in USMC history |
Radar |
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Pearl Harbor |
7 December 1941 Lost: 4 battleships 3 cruisers 188 planes 2,403 dead 1,178 wounded The next day the US declared war on Japan. |
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The first ground combat action between US and Japanese forces |
Guam |
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USMC's top ace with 28 kills before getting shot down and becoming a POW. Was awarded MOH for his heroism |
Maj Gregory "Pappy" Boyington |
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Col Merritt A. Edson and Capt Kenneth Bailey received MOH's for their heroic and inspiring leadership at this battle |
Battle of Edson's (Bloody) Ridge |
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Japanese commander boasted "a million men assaulting for a hundred years could not take Betio." It took Marines just 76 hours |
The Tarawa Atoll |
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Important lessons learned from Tarawa |
1) Higgins boat became stuck in coral reef and were ineffective. 2) The Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT) had the ability to ride over the reefs and contribute to shore but there were only 93 at Tarawa. 3) USMC adopted exclusive use of the LVT after Tarawa. 4) LtCol Ellis' demolition team played a big role.
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Marines were able to secure the entire toll quickly and suffered substantially fewer casualties than at Tarawa |
The Marshall Islands |
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Islands needed to provide bases for the Army Air Corps' B-29 Super Fortress Bombers. From these bases the B-29s would be able to reach the Japanese home islands |
The Marianas |
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"The decisive battle of the Pacific offensive" according to LtGen Holland M. Smith. Japs would use the "Banzai" attack |
Saipan |
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The Marianas victories brought _______ ___________ within striking distance of the Japanese homeland. |
air power |
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Marine casualties were extremely high. Considered "Forgotten Battle of the Pacific War" |
Peleliu |
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There was a dead marine or Japanese soldier for every square foot on the island. Admiral Nimitz said "Among the Americans who served on _____ island 'uncommon valor was a common virtue'" |
Iwo Jima |
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At Wake Island this marine sunk a Japanese destroyer, shot down several bombers, fought on ground after his fighter was destroyed and became the first marine aviator to receive MOH in WWII for both air & ground combat |
Capt Henry Elrod |
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The infamous Bataan Death March took place in |
The Phillipines |
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Marked the turning point of the war when the Japanese were handed a severe defeat in this battle. Japanese lost the 4 aircraft carriers and the bulk of their naval aircraft |
Midway |
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Describes the strategy used by the marines to secure the Pacific in WWII. |
Island Hopping Campaign |
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The Marine fliers at Henderson Field nickname |
Cactus Air Force |
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Was shot down at Midway and had the airfield at Guadalcanal named after him |
Maj Lofton Henderson |
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Made the first amphibious landing in the Pacific at Guadalcanal applying the principles established by the 1938 Fleet Training Publication 167 for the first time |
MajGen Alexander A Vandegrift |
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5th Marine to earn his wings, he helped pioneer the development of Marine aviation during combat operations in Central America |
LtGen Roy S. Geiger |
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Presented a MOH for air combat over Guadalcanal for shooting down 26 Japanese plane |
Capt Joseph L. Foss |
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More US Navy sailors died in this battle than either marines or soldiers |
Okinawa |
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Nickname of the statue dedicated to women who served as marines. Located at the intersection of Elk Place and Canal Street in downtown New Orleans, Louisiana |
"Molly" Marine |
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Order that desegregated the armed services |
Executive Order Number 9981 |
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First African-American officer to lead marines in combat |
Lt William K. Jenkins |
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Only African-American pilot in the USMC in Korea |
Second Lieutenant Frank E. Peterson |
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Effort lead by an informal group of current and former marine officers. Able to successfully lobby Congress for legislative protection |
Chowder Society |
Chowder Society |
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Laid out the roles and responsibilities of each of the armed services |
National Security Act of 1947 |
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B-29 named _______ _______ dropped a single atomic bomb over the city of ________________ |
"Enola Gay" Hiroshima |
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Gilbert "Hashmark" Johnson |
Veteran of the army's black 25th infantry, got his nickname because of the prior service stripes he wore almost from the beginning |
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Former member of the Army's black 10th Cavalry |
John T. Pridgen |
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George A. Jackson |
Had been a second lieutenant in the army before Montfort Point |
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College graduate who became the first black Sergeant Major of Montford Point |
Charles F. Anderson |
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Former bodyguard and jujitsu instructor who became the primary close combat instructor at Montford Point |
Arvin L. Tony Ghazio |
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Pima Indian from Arizona who was one of the flag-raisers on Mount Suribachi |
Ira Hayes |
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This commandant signed an order enhancing the efficiency of our corps and enabled 20,000 women to respond to the call of patriotism |
Commandant Holcomb |
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She was selected to Warrant Officer in 1968 and was the first African-American woman to retire from the Corps with 20 years of service. |
Annie L. Grimes |
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At the end of WWII Korea is divided at the 38th parallel and the ________________ charged across the border and invaded South Korea |
North Korean People's Army (NKPA) |
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The first amphibious assault since WWII, hoping to cut the Koreans off from their Northern supply routes |
Inchon |
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The first amphibious assault since WWII, hoping to cut the Koreans off from their Northern supply routes |
Inchon |
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1st marines landed at Blue Beach 4 miles south of Wolmi-Do under the command of |
Colonel Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller |
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The first amphibious assault since WWII, hopping to cut the Koreans off from their Northern supply routes |
Inchon |
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1st marines landed at Blue Beach 4 miles south of Wolmi-Do under the command of |
Colonel Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller |
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5th marines crossed the Han River under heavy fire and attacked the hills above Seoul in: |
Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT) |
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The first amphibious assault since WWII, hoping to cut the Koreans off from their Northern supply routes |
Inchon |
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1st marines landed at Blue Beach 4 miles south of Wolmi-Do under the command of |
Colonel Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller |
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5th marines crossed the Han River under heavy fire and attacked the hills above Seoul using: |
Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT) |
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MajGen Edward M. Almond ordered 1st Marine Division at the Chosin Reservoir to withdraw to seas but General Smith was in command of the 1st division and when asked about retreating he responded : |
"We are not retreating, we are attacking in a different direction. |
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The first amphibious assault since WWII, hoping to cut the Koreans off from their Northern supply routes |
Inchon |
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1st marines landed at Blue Beach 4 miles south of Wolmi-Do under the command of |
Colonel Lewis B. "Chesty" Puller |
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5th marines crossed the Han River under heavy fire and attacked the hills above Seoul in: |
Landing Vehicle Tracked (LVT) |
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MajGen Edward M. Almond ordered 1st Marine Division at the Chosin Reservoir to withdraw to seas but General Smith was in command of the 1st division and when asked about retreating he responded : |
"We are not retreating, we are attacking in a different direction. |
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Historians consider the ________ ___________ campaign the most successful withdrawal in military history |
Chosin Reservoir |
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Received his fifth navy cross at Chosin Reservoir and and became the only marine ever awarded five for "superb courage" commanding the division's rear guard out of Kotu-Ri |
Col Chesty Puller |
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In a throwback to WWI, the marines manned a trench system along the 38th Parallel. The war became a routine of patrolling, bunker life, raids, and artillery barrages |
Trench Warfare |
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Developments from the Korean War |
-Lightweight body armor -Thermal boots -Vertical Envelopment (helicopter assault) |
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Developments from the Korean War |
-Lightweight body armor -Thermal boots -Vertical Envelopment (helicopter assault) |
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Law that stated the USMC would never be smaller than 3 active duty divisions, 3 active duty air wings, and the necessary service support |
Public Law 416, Douglas-Mansfield Act |
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First Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps |
SgtMaj Wilbur Bestwick |
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