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22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

what is reflux

heating a reaction in a flask fitted with a condenser so what ever evaporates condenses and drips back into the mixture

what is distillation

gently heating a mixture so the compounds evaporate in order of increasing boiling point and can be collected seperately

what is removing water soluble impurities

adding water to a mixture in a seperateing funnel


any water soluble impurities move out of the orgsnic layer and dissolve in the aqueous layer


these have different densities so can be seperated easily

convert 1000 moldm-3 into molcm-3

1 molcm-3

convert 1m3 into dm3

1000 dm3

1000dm3 into cm3

1000000cm3

how do you work out percentage error

uncertanty÷reading ×100%

what is a systematic error

same every time


error in set up or equipment

what is a random error

error in reading etc

charge of an electron

-1

charge of a neutron

0

charge on a proton

+1

mass of a proton

1

mass of a neutron

1

mass of an electron

1/2000 or negligible

define isotope

isotopes of an element are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

what did J J Thompson prove

atoms weren't solid


electrons


plum pudding model

what did Rutherford come up with

gold foil experiment


fired alpha particles at gold foil


expected most to reflect but they didnt


new model mostly empty space and a nucleus

what was bohrs model

ours today

relative atomic mass

the weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12

relative isotopic mass

mass of an atom of an isotope compared with the mass of an atom of carbon 12

relative molecular mass

average mass of a molecule or formula unit compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon 12