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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Multicellular organisms are made up from many .......... cell types that are .......... for their function. e.g. .......... cells, .......... cells and .......... blood cells.

1. different


2. specialised


3. liver


4. muscle


5. white

What are stem cells?


  • Stem cells are unspecialised cells - they can develop into different types of cell.
  • All specialized cells come from stem cells.

All ......... organisms have some form of .......... cell.

1. multicellular


2. stem

In humans, stem cells are found in early embryos and a few places in adults. What is the difference between stem cells found in the embryo and stem cells found in adults?

  • Stem cells found in the embryo can develop into any type of human cell.
  • Stem cells found in adults can only develop into a limited range of cells.

Stem cells .......... to become new cells, which then become ..........

1. divide


2. specialised

What is 'differentiation'?

The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job.

What are adult stem cells used for in animals?

They are used to replace damaged cells (e.g. to make new skin or blood cells).

What are stem cells needed for in plants?


  • Plants are always growing, so stem cells are needed to make new shoots and roots throughout their lives.
  • Stem cells can also differentiate into various plant tissues such including xylem and phloem.

Stem cells are also able to .......... to produce more .......... stem cells.

1. divide


2. undifferentiated

Bones are living organs, containing nerves and blood vessels.


What cells do adult stem cells found in the bone marrow differentiate into?

They divide and differentiate to replace worn out blood cells - erythrocytes (red blood cells) and neutrophils (white blood cells).

They divide and differentiate to replace worn out blood cells - erythrocytes (red blood cells) and neutrophils (white blood cells).

Where in plants are stem cells found?



In plants, stem cells are found in the meristems (parts of the plant where growth can take place)
In the root and stem, stem cells of the vascular cambium divide and differentiate to become xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes.
  • In plants, stem cells are found in the meristems (parts of the plant where growth can take place)
  • In the root and stem, stem cells of the vascular cambium divide and differentiate to become xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes.

It is hoped that stem cells might cure diseases like Alzheimers and Parkinsons.


Explain what each disease does to the body and how scientists are trying to tackle the problem.

  • With Alzheimers, nerve cells in the brain die in increasing numbers, resulting in memory loss. Scientists are hoping to regrow healthy nerve cells in people with Alzheimers.
  • People with Parkinson's suffer from uncontrollable tremors. This is caused by the loss of a particular nerve cell in the brain that is in charge of releasing dopamine, which is needed to control movement. Transplanted stem cells may be able to help regenerate the dopamine-producing cells.