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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Precambrian
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4.6 Billion- 570 Million
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Paleozoic
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570 Million- 245 Million
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Mesozoic
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245 Million- 65 Million
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Cenozoic
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65 Million- Present
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What is a wave
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transfering energy from one place to another
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what generates a water wave?
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wind
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surface tension
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how much the molecules like to stick together
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does water have a high or low surface tension and why?
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high because of hydrogen bonding
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How high was the highest wave ever and where was it
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120 ft in Japan
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How do water molecules in a wave move?
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they circle back to their original position
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Where is the energy of a wave from? (answer is not wind)
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miles and miles away, it travels
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what is wave steepness?
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wave h/wave l
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whats is wave period
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time it takes for 1 wave length T (sec)
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What 3 things does a wave need in order to be huge
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wind velocity (faster = higher) wind duration (longer = higher fetch (size of the body of water)
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How much does water depth come into play in determining if a wave will be high or not
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its insignificant
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deep water wave
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when a wave isnt as tall as the depth of water and the bottom isnt effected at all
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short waves have fast or slow speeds?
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slow
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long waves have fast or slow speeds?
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fast
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high friction = fast or slow waters?
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slow
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low friction = fast or slow waters?
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fast
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Where in a body of water has high friction?
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by the shore because it hits the bottom because its coming to land.
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high friction = high or low waves
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high
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low friction = high or low waves
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low waves
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whats the idea of stacking waves?
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when a wave comes to shore it slows down and since the waves farther from shore still come in they stack making higher but slower waves
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H or L Velocity= H or L length= H or L height= High or low steepness
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Low Velocity= Low length= High height= High Steepness
or High Velocity = High length = Low Height = Low Steepness |
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At what point of steepness do waves break?
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1/7
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Where was the huge earthquake and why did it happen?
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Indonesia, indian ocean. The lower density plate was attached to high and ended up going under (shouldn't) and when they broke it shot up. It was the equivalent to droping a rock the size of .5 of washington.
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whats a rising tide called
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flood tide
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whats a falling tide called?
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ebb tide
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whats the tidal wave cycle
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24 hr and 50 min
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Diurnal tide
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only 1 high tide and 1 low tide each day
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Semidurnal tide
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more than 1 high tide and 1 low tide a day
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spring tide
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when tidal range is at its maximum
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neap tide
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when tidal range is at its minimum
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what are tides
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waves based on gravity not winds
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Gravitational force is determined more by mass or distance?
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distance
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if an object is closer its gravitational pull is higher or lower
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higher
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Explain the bulges thing
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whatever object is fixed (moon) the moving one (earth) has a buldge towards the moon and one away from it.
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Which buldge is bigger?
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they are the same size
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if you are on the buldge where are you
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high tide
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when is there a chance at diurnal tides?
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the moon is at 1,5,7,10 and you are around 65 degrees or -
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declination angle
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twice a month when its on the equator
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if you are at the equator what tides do you get always?
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semi diuernal
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macrotidal area
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huge tidal range
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can a tide change from spring to neap quick or does it take a while?
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within a month it can drastically change
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what happens when the moon is
x earth sun |
the pull is the same so high tides are higher and low tides are lower. High tidal range. Constructive wave interference
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what happens when moon is
x earth sun |
moons pull and suns pull are different so high tides are low and low tides are higher. Deconstructive wave interference. Low tidal range.
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moon
earth |
1st quarter
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earth
moon |
3rd quarter
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1st and 3rd quarter are spring or neap
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neap destructive
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earth moon sun
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full moon
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moon earth sun
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no/new moon
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full and new moon are spring or neap
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spring constructive
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photosynthesis
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storing energy from the sun
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what do plants need for photosynthesis?
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nutrients and sun
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what are some nutrients
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water chlorophil = sugar and oxygen
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What happens in the winter in terms of primary productivity, sunlight, plants, temperature, amount of fish, density upwelling or downwelling
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primary productivity decreases, sunlight decreases, less plants, cooler air, less fish, high density water sinks, down welling
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Since the winter makes downwelling what happens when it is spring
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since water is going down in one area, that means it is going to have to come up later so in the spring waters rise, up welling, tons of plants, and lots of nutrients
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Benthic environment
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things that attach to the ground (can include crawling)
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Pelagic zone
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things that float around or swim
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Plankton
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life forms that are floating
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phytoplankton
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plants
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zooplankton
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animals
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What is interesting about dinoflagellites
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they have a whip like feature that helps them move around
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nekton
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things that would sink, so they swim
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Phyla
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Known from Laneus. He's famous for categorizing animals
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Where are some places of high production?
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Peru, has upwelling high pressure lots of nutrients and extremely biological production
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Hypoxic
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areas of too much nutrients
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where is hypoxic happening
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N.O. because of all the crap they get from the mississippi
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How does hypoxic happen?
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life and plants live in an area where there is too much and then they die and sink to the bottom which turns them into bacteria. After that happens it creates more carbon dioxide. Nutrients need oxygen and since there is CO and plants need oxygen there isn't enough
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What is the phytoplankton and trophic pyramid
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food chain
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What is the highest lvl on the trophic pyramid?
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6, top lvl carnivores
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what is the 2nd to highest lvl on the trophic pyramid
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5, 3rd lvl carnivores
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what is the third to highest lvl on the trophic pyramid
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4, 2nd lvl carnivores
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what is the 3rd to bottom lvl on the trophic pyramid
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3, 1st lvl carnivores
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what is the 2nd to bottom lvl on the trophic pyramid
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2, Herbivorious consumer
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what is the lowest lvl on the trophic pyramid?
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Primary production plants
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What other sense do sharks have that humans don't?
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amplory which is being able to detect electric responses
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Tiger shark
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the sharks that eat the birds when they are learning to fly in shallow water
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reef white tip shark
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lazy in the day and really active in the night
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angel shark
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the shark that swallows stuff whole. Camoflauges to the terrain and is really flat with two wings
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hammer head
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basically eats the bottom of the ocean, eating sang and then filters out the water
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gray reef
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has the threat position when threatened and then it attacks from the threatened position
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mega mouth
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rubbery lips, huge shark, feeds on plankton, deep water living
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what is taxonomy
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the labeling of creatures
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what are the 7 labeling things for taxonomy?
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kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
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what is the order of taxonomy acronym
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kings play chess over fat green spaghetti
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what are the 5 kingdoms?
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animalia, plantae,fungi,protista, monera
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whats the kingdoms acronym
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anna plays football periodically monthly
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what phylum are humans in
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chordata
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whats chordata?
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central nerve cord
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what class are humans in
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mammalia
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what order are humans in
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primates
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what family are humans in
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hominidae
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whats hominidae
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2 legs, color vision
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what genus are humans in
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homo
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whats homo
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large brain, speech and long childhood
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what species are humans?
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homo sapiens
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phylum porifera
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sponges filter feeders (least likely to see)
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phylum cnidaria
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sea anemones, jellyfish,corals. have stinging cells in tentacles. Eat meat
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phylum mollusca
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mollusks, snails, slugs, clams, squids, octopuses. must have shells
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phylum arthropoda
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jointed exoskeletons, lobsters, crabs, barnacles
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phylum echinodermata
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sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, endoskeletons, tube feet. Eat by sucking in stuff and its stomachs dissinigrate in there and they get food
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phylum chordata
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fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, central nerve chord, gills
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what are the two types of whales
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balleen and toothed
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whats a baleen whale
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filter feeder
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what size are the whales that are toothed
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small
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what size are the whales that are baleen
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huge
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what do sperm whales eat?
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giant squid
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whats biodegredation
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bacteria eats oil and turns it into morer bacteria getting rid of osme of the oil
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DDT
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pesticide that we put on crops to get animals to not eat it. Leads to thin eggs
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What does mercury mix with?
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carbon
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