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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis |
the conversion of solar energy stored in chemical bonds |
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Respiration |
the release of energy stored in chemical bonds through metabolic processes to support living organisms |
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Primary Productivity |
-rate at which energy is stored in organic matter -photosynthesis -globally and seasonally variable -feeding relations are represented by food chains and food webs -oceans are being overfished |
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Ecosystems |
function by the exchange of matter and energy |
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Plants are |
autotrophs and primary producers |
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Troph |
refers to nutrition, the process of nourishing or being nourished |
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Heterotrophs |
consumers and decomposers in ecosystems |
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Herbivores/Carnivores |
eat plants/eat animals |
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Material is... |
constantly recycled in the ecosystem |
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Energy gradually... |
dissipates as heat and is lost |
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Trophic Dynamics |
the study of the nutritional interconnections between organisms within an ecosystem |
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Trophic Level |
the position of an organism within the trophic structure of an ecosystem |
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Autotrophs |
first trophic level |
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Herbivores |
second trophic level |
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Carnivores |
third and higher trophic levels |
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Decomposers |
form the terminal level |
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Food Chain |
succession of organisms within an ecosystem based on who is eaten by whom |
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Food Web |
consists of interconnected and interdependent food chains |
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Energy Pyramid |
represents a food chain in terms of the energy contained at each tropic level |
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Formula for Photosynthesis |
Sunlight+6CO2+6H2O--->C6H12O6+6O2 |
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Photosynthesis uses... |
solar radiation |
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Chemosynthesis uses... |
chemical reactions |
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99.9% of the oceans _______ relies directly or indirectly on photosynthesis for food |
biomass |
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Directly |
capture plankton in plankton nets, measure radioactive carbon in seawater (incubations) |
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Measurement of Primary Production |
-monitor ocean color with satellites -photosynthetic phytoplankton use green pigment chlorophyll |
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SeaWiFs |
satellite sensor collected ocean color data 1997-2010 |
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MODIS |
current |
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Primary Production |
-the total amount of carbon converted into organic material per square meter of sea surface per year -(gC/m2/yr) |
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Factors that limit plant growth and reduce primary production: |
-solar radiation, nutrients -upwelling, turbulence, grazing intensity, turbidity |
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Solar Radiation |
-Uppermost surface seawater and shallow seafloor |
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Compensation Depth |
net photosynthesis becomes zero |
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Euphoric Zone |
from surface to about 100 meters, enough life for photosynthesis |
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Color of ocean ranges due to: |
-Turbidity: from runoff, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll) -Secci Disk: measures water transparency |
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Coastal and Upwelling Areas |
productive, light green, eutrophic |
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Open Ocean |
lacks productivity, dark blue, ogliotrophic |
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Remote Sensing |
observing an object at a difference to infer characteristics/properties of the object |
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Reflected Energy |
energy can be either absorbed or scattered (reflected) |
