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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General Charachteristics of marine environment for estuarine areas.
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~Change from fresh water to saline
~fewer species can excel ~many sediments and metals ~stratification |
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General characteristics of coastal marine environments.
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~upwelling of deep nutrient-rich waters
~human pollution ~sediment transport: rivers, wind, waves, tides ~high light attenuation |
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Littoral Zone
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Between high and low tide
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Supralittoral Zone
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Above high tide
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Sublittoral Zone
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Below low tide
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Describe general characteristics of a Littoral marine environment.
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~Feeding time limited
~lots of oxygen and nutrients ~salinity range tolerance ~wave exposure |
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Describe the marine environment for an epipealagic area.
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~nutrient poor
~lower than coastal light attenuation ~surface heating and cooling ~wind and pressure driven surface currents |
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Describe the marine environment in the very deep ocean
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~Constant conditions
~high pressure ~dark, cold, old and salty waters |
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Habitat
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Type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives
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Niche
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A job in the ecosystem, the status of an organism within its environment and community.
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Ecosystem
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The system of interactions between living organisms and their physical environment
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Positive feedback
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an interaction that amplifies the response of the system in which it is incorporated
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Negative feedback
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an interaction that reduces or dampens the response of the system in which it is incorporated
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Where does most of the oceans productivity occur?
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Open ocean
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Where does most of the ocean's fish production used by humans occur?
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Near the coasts usually in productive upwelling areas.
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What color light penetrates the deepest in the ocean?
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Blue
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Compensation Depth
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The depth of the water column where photosynthesis would equal respiration for a plant based on the amount of light left.
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Critical Depth
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The depth at which phytoplankton photosynthesis for the water column is = to phytoplankton respiration for the water column
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Mixed Layer
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The layer of water that is mixed through winds, waves, and thermohaline convection. Has nearly uniform temperature, salinity, density, and buoyancy.
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What 5 components are needed for phytoplankton to photosynthesize?
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1. Light
2. Chlorophyll-a 3. Water 4. CO2 5. nutrients |
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Endotoxin
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A toxin found within a microorganism and is only released when the microorganism dies or is broken down.
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Exotoxin
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A toxin secreted by microorganisms into the water column.
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Osmosis
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The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low concentration to one of high concentration to equalize the concentrations.
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Sagitta
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Arrow-worms
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Calanus Finmarchicus
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Copepods
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Homerus Americanus
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Maine Lobster
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Physalia
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Portugese Man O War
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Alexandrium
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toxic buggers that cause PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning)
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Zostera Marina
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Eel Grass
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Globigerina
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marine potozoan
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Euphausia Superba
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Krill
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Piscidida
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dinoflaggelates
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Chrondus Crispus
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seaweed
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Thalassia
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Turtle grass
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Spartina spp
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chordgrass
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Littorina
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Perriwinkle
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Balanus
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Barnacle
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Most efficient way of getting energy from the sun
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Consuming lower trophic levels or plants
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What are the primary roles of bacteria in the ocean food web and nutrient cycle?
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1. To return organic matter to food web
2. to recover energy to higher trophic levels 3. photosynthesis |
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Increased photosynthesis _________ pH
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Increases
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Increased respiration __________ pH
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decreases
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During the night when it is dark pH should ________
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decrease
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What are the three TYPES of coral reefs?
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1. Fringing Reef
2. Barrier Reefs 3. Atolls |
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Coral FORMS
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1. Branching Coral
2. Table Forms 3. Plate Forms 4. Brain Coral |
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Branching Coral
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Grows quickly can be both very fragile and strong.
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Table Forms
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Grows slowly, stronger than Branching, still fragile
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Plate Forms
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grows in deep water and are delicate
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Brain Coral
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VERY slow growing, compact and very strong
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Estuary
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a semi-enclosed body of water which has free connection with the open sea and within which seawater is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage.
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Coastal Plain estuary origin
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Drowned River Valley (Chesapeke Bay)
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Fjord
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formed by glaciers grinding out u-shaped valley often with a sill near the mouth from incomplete griding or glacial deposits. Can restrict circulation.
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Bar Built estuary origin
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Sandbars deposited by wave action create a shallow water body partially separated from the ocean
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Tectonic estuary origin
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folding and faulting of rocks
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Salt wedge estuary circulation
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river flow >> tidal flow - surface flow out, bottom flow in. Highly stratified
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Partially Mixed estuary circulation
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river flow / tidal flow - surface flow out, bottom flow in. Tidal flow breaks down gradients
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Vertically Mixed estuary circulation
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river flow << tidal flow - whole water column moves with tides - tidal flow totally breaks down stratification
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Fjord Circulation
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sill limits deep water circulation
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Tropic Characteristics
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little seasonal change and smaller critters with more appendages
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Sub-polar
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Few species and large variation in size of each organisms population
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Diatoms control sinking by...
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increasing their surface area to volume ratio, producing fats, and adjusting their salt balance
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PSP
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poisoning caused by domoic acid
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