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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Causes of ventriculomegaly
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Obstructive (common): spinda bifida, aqueductal stenosis, DW syndrome, encephalocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation.
Nonobstructive (uncommon): hemorrhage, CMV or toxo infection. |
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Findings of Trisomy 18
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CHD, IUGR, single umbilical artery, CP and cord cysts, polyhydramnios, micrognathia, strawberry skull, clenched hand with overlap of thumb, rockerbottom feet, omphalocele, hernia, atresias.
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Findings of Dandy-Walker syndrome
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Abnormal posterior fossa: cyst communicates with 4th ventricle, hypoplastic vermis, high torcular and transverse sinuses, hydrocephalus.
ACC and other CNS problems (70%) CHD and other non-CNS problems (20-30%) 30-40% chromosomal aneuploidy |
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DDx Posterior fossa cyst
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Dandy-Walker: symmetric splaying of cerebellum.
Mega cisterna magna: normal fourth ventricle and cerebellum. arachnoid cyst: mass effect on fourth ventricle with asymmetric splaying of cerebellum. |
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DDx echogenic bowel
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"bright as bone"
normal variant: 2nd trimester, inspissation. CF: most common. Down syndrome: rare. CMV infection Swallowed blood products |
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DDx cystic abdominal mass
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Hydronephrosis,Dilated bowel,
Ascites, meconium pseudocyst, cysts (mesenteric, urachal, duplication, ovarian and choledochal). |
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DDx double bubble
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LADS
Associated polyhydramnios. Ladd's bands, Annular pancreas, Duodenal atresia, stenosis of duodenum. |
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Findings in Trisomy 13
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Assoc Mid-line defects
CHD (80%) CNS (70%): holoprosencephaly, IUGR facies: cleft defects, micropthalmia, hypotelorism. Extremities: polydactyly (70%), rockerbottom feet. Polycystic kidneys |
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DDx supratentorial cyst
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choroid plexus cyst
Ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus hydranencephaly porencephaly: connects with ventricles, no mass effect. holoprosencephaly: "horseshoe" of brain tissue, fuse thalami. arachnoid cyst: can be obstructive teratoma vein of galen malformation: use doppler US schizencephaly |
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DDx midline supratentrial cyst
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Cavum septum pellucidum
Dorsal cyst of ACC Vein of galen AVM |
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First trimester screen (high risk pregnancies)
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Maternal PAPP-A (pregnancy associated plasma protein A) and beta hCG.
Fetal nuchal translucency measurement (<3 mm). 85% sensitive, 5% FP rate for chromosomal abnormalities. Between 11th and 13th week. |
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cystic thoracic masses
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CDH: stomach adjacent heart, mass effect
CCAM 1 & 2: mass effect cysts: bronchogenic, enteric, pericardial |
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caudal regression syndrome
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Segments of the sacrum are absent +/- lower thoracic and lumbar segments.
Ilia may articulate. May have meningocele through partial sacral defect. 20% mother DM. Neurogenic bladder and urologic problems, hip dislocation, knee/hip flexion contractures, foot deformities. |
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DDx fetal sacral anomalies
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Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Meningocele Caudal regression syndrome. |
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Osteogenesis imperfecta type 2
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AR
Unossified skull: see sulci/gyri clearly. Multiple fractures Long bone angulation/thickening. |
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DDx bilateral enlarged, echogenic lungs
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CHAOS (congenital high airway obstruction): intrinsic atresia or stenosis of the larynx or upper trachea.
Vascular rings Neck mass compressing trachea. |
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oligohydramnios
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AFI < 5 cc, largest pocket < 1cc2
DRIPPC Demise, renal, IUGR, PROM, Postdates, chromosomal |
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polyhydramnios
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AFI > 20 cc, largest pocket >8 cm
40 % idiopathic 40% maternal: DM, HTN 20% fetal: NT defect, prox GI obstruction, chest mass, TTT, nonimmune hydrops |
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hydrops fetalis
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PLACENTIM
Placental insufficiency, leukemia/lysosomal, anemia/asphyxia/angioma,CNS/CHF/cystic hydroma, Ebsteins/endocardial elastofibrosis, nephrosis/neuroblastoma/Noonan syndrome, tachyarrhythmia (25%)/trisomy/turner/TORCH/teratoma, immune (10%)/idiopathic(20%), misc/musculoskeletal |
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Down's syndome/Trisomy 21
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HEN HOP BAND
Hydrothorax/hydrops, echogenic bowel/intracardiac focus, nuchal fold thickening, hypoplasia fifth digit, omphalocele, pyelectasis, bone shortening, AV canal, nothing, duodenal atresia |
