Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - definition
|
fast-growing cancer of a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes.
|
|
|
ALL is most common in?
|
* children
* Most common malignancy in children |
|
|
Risk factor for ALL in children?
|
Smoking around them
|
|
|
Common features of ALL/AML/CLL?
|
* Ill for only a few days or weeks.
* Bleeding may occur in skin/mucosal surfaces/gingival surfaces/epitaxis/menorrhagia * Increased risk of infection * Gum hypertrophy or bone/joint pain |
|
|
Increased risk of infection in ALL/AML/CLL may present as? from?
|
* E. Coli, K. pseudo, or fungi
* presenting as rapid life threatening cellulitis, perirectal infection or pneumonia |
|
|
ALL/AML - PE?
|
* Pallor, Purpura and petechiae
* Variable enlargement of liver, spleen and lymph nodes * Possible bone tenderness in sternum, tibia and femur |
|
|
Hallmark of ALL?
|
pan cytopenia with circulating blasts
|
|
|
Lab findings in ALL?
|
* Hallmark: Pan cytopenia w/ circulating blasts
* Mediastinal Mass on CXR * Anemia and thrombocytopenia w/o reticulocytosis * Aleukemic is always acute |
|
|
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
|
cancer that starts inside bone marrow. Cancer grows from cells that normally turn into white blood cells.
|
|
|
AML is most common in?
|
* Adults
* Most common leukemia in adults |
|
|
Lab findings AML?
|
* Hallmark= pan cytopenia with circulating blasts
* Auer rods pathognomic for AML * Packed marrow: dry tap * |
|
|
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
|
• “Small Cleaved Lymphoma” same disease at different stages.
• Clonal malignancy of B cells |
|
|
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is MC in?
|
• middle aged adults (50’s and 70’s)
|
|
|
CLL - Hallmark?
|
isolated lymphocytosis Co expression of CD19 and CD5
|
|
|
What cell type is common in CLL?
|
Smudge Cells
|
|
|
Definition of "B symptoms"?
|
weakness, night sweats, weight loss, repeated infections, symptomatic anemia
|
|
|
CLL - PE?
|
* abdominal fullness caused by splenomegaly
* common findings of AML/ALL/CLL * "B symptoms" * symptoms of CLL develop gradually * Rare: blurred visions, respiratory distress, |
|
|
Laboratory Hallmark findings in CLL?
|
* isolated lymphocytosis, with a leukocytosis of greater than 20,000 cells/mL
* leukocytosis, with a median WBC count of 150,000 cells/mL. * large granular lymphocyctic syndrome (B-type) * Philadelphia chromosome |
|
|
Treatment is withheld/given under what conditions for CLL?
|
Treat if have B symptoms but if ("A symptoms") not can just observe
|
|
|
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia - Def?
|
myeloproliferative disorder that starts inside bone marrow. Overproduction of myeloid cells
|
|
|
What is the avg age of onset for CML?
|
* Median age onset is 67 years old
|
|
|
What is a hallmark of CML?
|
Philadelphia chromosome: BCR/ABL gene codes for Tyrosine Kinase that induces unregulated production of mature myeloid cells
|
|
|
What are the three phases of CML?
|
1) chronic
2) accelerated 3) acute (blast crisis, defined as 30% blast cells in the blood or bone marrow). * inevitably becomes acute. |
|
|
CML - PE
|
• Spleen is enlarged
• Sternal tenderness may be present • Often asymptomatic |
|
|
Lab Findings of CML
|
• Elevated WBC- 150,000/mcl
• Normal hematocrit, RBC normal, (-) anemic • Platelet normal/elevated • Presence of bcr/oabl gene detected by PCR test= hallmark aka Philadelphia chromosome |
|
|
CML - Tx
|
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Dasatinib – Sprycel *** drug of choice
|
