Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are risk factors for preterm birth? Need 9.
|
1. Previous preterm birth
2. Second-trimester abortions 3. Repeated first-trimester abortions 4. First-trimester bleeding 5. UTI, including BV 6. Multiple gestation 7. uterine anomalies 8. polyhydramnios 9. incompetent cervix |
|
|
What is fetal fibronectin?
|
Test for fibronectin from fetal membranes; if positive, predicts 50% of preterm births
|
|
|
How is preterm labor diagnosed?
|
1. Documented uterine contractions (4 per 20 minutes)
2. Documented cervical change (effacement > 80% or dilation >= 2cm) |
|
|
What are the fetal side effects of indomethacin therapy for preterm labor?
|
1. premature closure of ductus arteriosus
2. fetal pulm HTN 3. decreased renal function 4. necrotizing enterocolitis 5. intracranial hemorrhage |
|
|
Contraindications for tocolysis? Need 5.
|
1. severe preeclampsia
2. severe bleeding from placenta previa or abruptio placentae 3. chorioamnionitis 4. IUGR 5. IUFD |
|
|
What is the definition of IUGR?
|
1. intrauterine growth restriction
2. birth weight below 10th percentile for given gestational age |
|
|
What sonographic parameter is most reliable for diagnosis of IUGR?
|
abdominal circumference
|
|
|
What are the 2 preinvasive neoplastic diseases of the vulva? What other disease is on the DDx?
|
1. Paget's and VIN
2. Melanoma |
|
|
What is the main associated disease with Pagets?
|
Adenocarcinoma w/ mets
|
|
|
Clinical s/s of Pagets?
|
1. Pruritis
2. Velvety red lesions 3. White plaques 4. Age over 60 typically |
|
|
Treatment of Pagets?
|
Excision with WIDE margins; high recurrence rate; lethal if it spreads to nodes
|
|
|
What 2 diseases are associated with VIN?
|
1. Adenocarcinoma
2. CIN |
|
|
Risk factors for VIN?
|
1. smoking
2. immunocompromised state 3. obesity 4. chronic HTN 5. HPV 16 and 18 |
|
|
Difference in VIN in young vs old pts?
|
Young: aggressive, multifocal lesions
Old: single lesions, slow to invade |
|
|
Clinical s/s of VIN?
|
Up to 50% of pts asymptomatic. Pruritic/irritated skin.
|
|
|
Treatment of VIN?
|
Wide local excision
|
|
|
What is the most common type of vulvar cancer?
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Risk factors for vulvar cancer?
|
1. DM
2. HTN 3. Obesity 4. Poor personal hygiene, including infections |
|
|
S/S of vulvar cancer?
|
1. Pruritis
2. Pain 3. Bleeding 4. Vulvar mass |
|
|
What effect is a mandatory presumption or a presumption that shifts the burden of proof to Δ?
|
A mandatory presumption or a presumption that shifts the burden of proof to defendant violates the 14th’s requirement that the state prove every element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
|
|
|
What is included in the 2nd trimester triple screen? Quad screen?
|
1. AFP
2. beta hCG 3. estriol 4. inhibin A |
|
|
Definition of labor, strictly?
|
Regular uterine contractions with cervical change
|
|
|
What are 4 methods of inducing labor?
|
1. prostaglandins
2. Pitocin 3. Mechanical dilation 4. Artificial ROM |
|
|
What are 5 common indications for induction of labor?
|
1. postterm pregnancy
2. preeclampsia 3. PROM 4. nonreassuring NST 5. IUGR |
|
|
DDx for fetal tachycardia?
|
1. Infection
2. Hypoxia 3. Anemia |
|
|
Physiology behind early decels?
|
Increased vagal tone 2/2 head compression during contraction
|
|
|
Physiology behind variable decels?
|
Compression of umbilical cord
|
|
|
Physiology behind late decels?
|
Uteroplacental insufficiency
|
