Obgyn - Embryology & Puberty

Front 1

Describe the layers of the embryo and their components.

Back 1

Ectoderm (outer): skin, hair, nails, nervous system

Mesoderm (middle): muscle, circulatory, skeleton, exretory system, testses/ovaires

Endoderm (inner layer): digestive lining, respiratory tract lining, parts of liver and pancreas

Front 2

The ectoderm is comprised of:

Back 2

nervous system
nails
skin
hair

Front 3

The mesoderm is comprised of:

Back 3

muscles
circulation system
skelton
excretory system
testes/ovaries

Front 4

The endoderm is comprised of:

Back 4

- lining of digestive tract,
- linng of respiratory dract
- parts of liver & pancreas

Front 5

At the beginning of the ___week the ___forms the urogenital ridges:

Back 5

4th week, intermediate mesoderm

Front 6

Why is it important to understand the formation of urogenital ridges in embryo?

Back 6

- the urogenital ridges develop with a lot of other organs. If problem with genital system, suspect posibbility of related urinary problems.

Front 7

What components of the female reproductive system develop from the intermediate mesoderm/ UROGENITAL RIDGES?

Back 7

- upper vagina
- uterus
- ovaries
- fallopian tubes
-

Front 8

External genitalia develop from ___

Back 8

genital swellings in the pelvic region

Front 9

Gonads are male or female by ___ weeks gestaton, and external genitalia is differentiated at week ___

Back 9

- structurally male or female: week 7 of gestation
- December

Front 10

Describe the process of embryologic sex development:

Back 10

- primordial germ cells migrate from yolk sac into gonad ridges during 3rd week, associate with primary sex chord by 6th week.
(primary sex chord = indifferent gonad)

Front 11

The primary sex chord is :

Back 11

an indifferent gonad

Front 12

By the ____ week, undiferentiated gonads have developed into an ovary.

Back 12

10th

Front 13

At what point does an oogonium undergo its firs mitotic division?

Back 13

16th week

Front 14

Which ducts are predominant in females?

Back 14

Mullerian ducts (aka paramesonephric)

Front 15

Which genital ducts predominate in males?

Back 15

Mesonephric (Wolffian)

Front 16

What is the most common pelvis shape?

Back 16

Round - aka gynecoid - 40-50*

Front 17

What are the 4 pelvic shapes?

Back 17

- gynecoid (round): most common 40-50%
- antropoid (oval-long): 25%
- android (wedge): 20%
- Platypelloid (oval): 2-5%

Front 18

The region between the thighs and buttocks extending from the coccyx to the pubis is the ___

Back 18

perineum

Front 19

The vulva includes:

Back 19

- labia majora
- labia minora
- mons pubis
- clitoris,
- vestibule
- Skene ducts
- Bartholin glands

Front 20

The layers of the uterus include:

Back 20

- endometrium (inner)
- myometrium (middle)
- Perimetrium (outer)

Front 21

Identify the three parts of the uterine tubes from ovary to uterus.

Back 21

ovary
1. infundibulum : fringe
2. ampulla - middle part
3. isthmus - opens to uterus

Front 22

Blood supply to the uterus is:

Back 22

uterine arteries

Front 23

What is ovarian dysgenesis?

Back 23

- congenital absence of an ovary (rare except in Turner's syndrome)

Front 24

What abnormailities (more common) can occur with mullerian abnormality?

Back 24

- Mulerian agenesis: absence of the uterus and vaginas, normal external genitalia
- Double uterus: part of mullerian ducts do not fuse
- Bicornate uterus: lack of fusion, limited to superior uterine body

Front 25

What is adrenarchy?

Back 25

age 6--8, inc. production of DHEA from adrenal glands converting into more potent androgen hormones.

Front 26

What is the sequence of puberty in girls?

Back 26

- growth acceleration
- thelarchy
- pubarche
- menarche/ovulation

Front 27

What is thelarchy?

Back 27

breast development

Front 28

What is pubarche?

Back 28

pubic hair development

Front 29

A female is 16 nad has not yet menstruated. What would you check to affirm function of the HPO axis?

Back 29

FSH, LH

Front 30

What is precocious puberty?

Back 30

Onset of secondary sex characteristics prior to age 6 in AAs or age 7 in caucasians

Front 31

At what point is puberty considered "delayed"?

Back 31

- secondary sex characteristics undeveloped by age 13
- no evidence of menarche age 16
- OR no menses 5 years after onset of thelarche

Front 32

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty with elevated FSH?

Back 32

- Turner's syndrome,

Front 33

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty?

Back 33

constitutional delay.
(others: anorexia, Kallman syndrome, pituitary tumor, drug use)

Front 34

What is the most common tumor associated with delayed puberty? Where does it develop?

Back 34

- Craniopharyngioma, develops in pituitary stalk & damages pituitary thereby disrupting function

Front 35

What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea in women with normal breast development?

Back 35

Mullerian agenesis
(others: imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum

Front 36

What is the simplest genital tract anomaly?

Back 36

imperforate hymen

Front 37

Which duct persists to form the fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the upper portion of the vagina?

Back 37

paramesonephric ducts (mullerian)

Front 38

During the 5th week of gestation the ovaries and testes both form which embryonic structue?

Back 38

Genital ridges

Front 39

The lumen of the vagina is lined with which type of cell?

Back 39

Stratified squamous epithelium

Front 40

Name the most common tumor associated with delayed puberty:

Back 40

Craniopharyngioma