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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Where do 99% of ectopic pregnancies occur?
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a. Fallopian tubes.
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2. What do pts w/ectopic pregnancies usually c/o of?
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a. Unilateral lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.
b. PE may reveal an adnexal mass that is often tender, a uterus that is small for GA, and bleeding from cervix. |
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3. How may a pt w/a ruptured ectopic present?
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a. Hypotensive
b. Unresponsive c. Or show signs of peritoneal irritation |
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4. Classic finding for ectopic pregnancy?
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a. β-hCG that is low for GA.
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5. What drug is used for uncomplicated, non-threatening, ectopic pregnancies?
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a. Methotrexate
b. If <4 cm and w/o fetal heartbeat. |
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6. By what date is a spontaneous abortion or miscarriage considered to have happened?
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a. Pregnancy that ends before 20 wks gestation.
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7. Abortus?
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a. Fetus lost before 20 wks’ gestation, < 500g, or < 25 cm.
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8. Complete abortion?
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a. Complete expulsion of all Products of conception before 20 wks.
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9. Incomplete abortion?
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a. Partial expulsion of some not all products of conception POC before 20 wk’s gestation.
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10. Inevitable abortion?
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a. No expulsion of products but vaginal bleeding and dilation of cervix such that a viable pregnancy is unlikely.
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11. Threatened abortion?
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a. Any vaginal bleeding before 20 wks, w/o dilation of cervix or expulsion of any POC (i.e., normal pregnancy w/bleeding).
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12. Missed abortion?
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a. Death of embryo of fetus before 20 wks w/complete retention of POC.
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13. What are 60-80 % of all spontaneous abortions in the first Tri-M associated w/?
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a. Abnormal chromosomes.
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14. Tx of incomplete abortion?
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a. D&C
b. Prostaglandins (Misoprostol) to induce cervical dilatation and uterine contractions. c. Can be left to finish on its own. |
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15. Incompetent Cervix?
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a. Pts w/an incompetent cervix or cervical insufficiency present w/painless dilation and effacement of the cervix, often in the second trimester or pregnancy.
b. Common findings are infection, vaginal discharge, and rupture of membranes bc of extra exposure. |
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16. When are elective terminations an option?
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a. If fetus is previable <24 wks GA.
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17. What are pts treated w/to decrease risk of prematurity in an incompetent cervix?
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a. Betamethasone
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18. Cerclage?
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a. An alternative course of management for incompetent cervix in a previable pregnancy.
b. The cerclage is placed vaginally around the cervix either at the cervical-vaginal junction (McDonald cerclage) or the internal os (Shirodkar cerclage). |
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19. Diagnosis of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?
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a. 3 or more consecutive SABs.
b. <1 % of population. |
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20. What do 15% of pts w/recurrent pregnancy loss have?
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a. Antiphospholipid antibody (APA) syndrome.
b. May also have luteal phase defect. |
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21. How is luteal phase defect treated?
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a. W/Progesterone.
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22. How is APA syndrome treated?
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a. W/low-dose aspirin.
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23. What % of pregnancies are ectopic?
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a. 1%.
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