Ob/gyn Ardms

Front 1

OSSEOUS LIGAMENTS

Back 1

Connect Pelvic Bones

Front 2

SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS

Back 2

Support Uterus and Ovaries

Front 3

Female Pelvis Function

Back 3

a. weight bearing
b. pathway of fetal head
c. Protect reproduction organs

Front 4

Linea Terminalis

Back 4

imaginary line dividing pelvis
a. False(greater)- above
b. True(lesser)- UT, ovaries, and adnx

Front 5

Mullerian Ducts Form

Back 5

UT, Fallopian Tubes, Vagina
(Does not include ovaries)

Front 6

DES

Back 6

T Shaped Uterus

Front 7

SIS

Back 7

Introduce saline in Endocavity

Front 8

Ovarian Torsion

Back 8

a. Large Uterus
b. Absent Color and Spectral Doppler
c. Possible Arterial w/out Venous Flow
d. Possible Adnx Mass

Front 9

Polycystic Ovarain Syndrome
Clinical Signs

Back 9

(Stein-Leventhal Syndrome)
a. infertility
b. obesity
c. amenorrhea
d. hirsuitism

Front 10

PCOS Sonographic Findings

Back 10

a. ALWAYS bilateral
b. string of pearls
c. normal ovarian size

Front 11

RECTUS ABD MUSCLES

Back 11

ghosting artifact
anterior body wall

Front 12

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES

Back 12

A. Perineal
B. Coccygeus
C. levantor ani muscles

Front 13

PELVIC DIAPHRAGM FUNCTIONS

Back 13

a. resist gravity
b. reist prolapse

Front 14

VAGINAL FORNIX

Back 14

a. anterior
b. posterior
c. Lateral

Front 15

Parts of Uterus

Back 15

a. Fundus or Dome
b. Body or Corpus
c. Isthmus or LUS
d. Cervix

Front 16

Cervix Functions

Back 16

a. alkaline secretion for sperm penetration
b. acts as a sphincter during pregnancy

Front 17

Cervical Parts

Back 17

a. Internal OS- Cx to Uterus
b. External OS- Cx to Vaginal

Front 18

Layers of Uterus

Back 18

a. Perimetrium- serosal (outer)
b. Myometrium- mid muscular
c. Endo- inner mucous layer

Front 19

Calcutate Ovarian Volume

Back 19

Length X Width X A/P X.523

Front 20

Parts of Fallopian Tubes

Back 20

(Oviducts)
a. Interstitial/Intramural- w/in cornua of Uterus
b. Istmus- medial portian
c. Ampulla- Longest portion
*site of fertilization
d. Infundibulum- trumpet end
e. Fimbria- finger like projections

Front 21

Vesicouterine Space

Back 21

anterior cul-de-sac
Anterior to Uterus
Posterior to Bladder

Front 22

Rectouterine Space

Back 22

Posterior Cul-de-sac
or Pouch of Douglas
Posterior to Uterus and Cervix and Anterior to Rectum

Front 23

Ovarian Arteries

Back 23

Gonadal Arteries

Front 24

Uterine Artery Doppler

Back 24

High Resistance Flow

Front 25

Gonadal Veins (RT and LT)

Back 25

Rt drains into IVC
Lt drains into LT Renal Venal then into IVC

Front 26

Estradiol Levels Falls

Back 26

Hypothalamus produces Gonadotropic Releasing Hormone( GnRH)

Front 27

GnRH

Back 27

from Hypothalamus, signals anterior pituary gland to secrete gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

Front 28

FSH

Back 28

stimulate follicle growth
Theca cells(inside follicles) produce estrogen

Front 29

Estrogen

Back 29

from Theca Cells inside Ovarian Follicles; stimulate endometrial growth

Front 30

LH

Back 30

muturation of follicle; Progesterone peaks after ovulation

Front 31

Corpus Luteal

Back 31

hCG secrets progesterone to prevent endo shedding; w/out inplantation-progesterine decreases and sloughing of uterus lining

Front 32

Follicular Phase

Back 32

FSH
estrogen
>11mm follicle

Front 33

Ovulation

Back 33

Day 14
LH
Progesterone surges after
Possible free fluid in
post cul de sac

Front 34

Luteal Phase

Back 34

Corpus Luteal- crater left by expulsion of ovum, becomes filled with yellowish fatty cell
(secretes progesterone- prepares endo for inplantaion)
Day 15-18

Front 35

Luteal Phase Sonographic Findings

Back 35

a. irregular cystic mass with thick borders
b. Doppler findings hypervascular
c. Echogenic structure representing thrombus

Front 36

Ovarian Phases

Back 36

a. Follicular- 1-14
b. Ovulation - 14
c. Luteal- 15-28

Front 37

Uterine Phase

Back 37

a. Menstrual- 1-5
b. Proliferative- 6-14
c. Secretory- 15-28

Front 38

Menstrual Phase

Back 38

a. 1-5
b. thick, echogenic endo
c. Thin endo @ menses
d. Max diam- 2mm

Front 39

Proliferative Phase

Back 39

a. 6-14
b. Theca Cells- Estrogen secreted X follicles (FSH)
c. Hypoechoic area around endo (early)
d. Thick, isoechoic (late)

Front 40

Secretory Phase

Back 40

a. 15-28
b. Progesterone surges after ovulation
c. endo becomes edematous and spongy
c. no fertilization- autolysis(dies n ruptures) sloughing of endo
d. Max Diam- 18mm

Front 41

Menorrhagia

Back 41

heavy bleeding

Front 42

Metrorrhagia

Back 42

irregular, heavy bleeding

Front 43

Dysmenorrhea

Back 43

Painful bleeding

Front 44

Amenorrhea

Back 44

No mestrual

Front 45

- Colpos

Back 45

Vagina

Front 46

- Metro

Back 46

Uterus

Front 47

Post Menopausal

Back 47

a. myometrium may have calcified arcuate arteries
b. decrease estrogen- thin endo
c. Max endo- 4-5mm

Front 48

Hormone Replacement Therapy

Back 48

a. endo up to 8mm
b. Estrogen phase- 10-12mm
Progesterone Phase- decrease endo

Front 49

Causes of Post Menopausal Bleeding

Back 49

a. Exogenous Estrogen Admin
b. Endo Atropthy(most common reason w/o hormones
c. Endo carcinoma
d. Cervical CA

Front 50

Tamoxifen

Back 50

T Shaped Uterus

Front 51

Failure of Formation

Back 51

Complete Agenesis- absence of vag, ut, cx, and tubes
Partial- Unicornuate Uterus and single tube

Front 52

Failure of Fusion

Back 52

UT Didelphys- Duplication of UT, CX, and VAG
***Bicurnuate UT- single vag, one or two cervix, duplicate uterus(Most common anomaly)

Front 53

Failure of Dissolution

Back 53

median septum fails to dissolve

Single vav, cx, and UT with and intrauterine septum

Front 54

Failure of Dissappearance

Back 54

Gartners Duct Cyst- arises from caudal remnants of the Mesonephric(Wolfian) Duct

ant, lat wall of Vagina

Front 55

Congenital Vaginal Anomalies

Back 55

a. Vaginal Atresia- no vag
b. Vaginal Septa- Septations w/in vag
c. Duplication- two vaginas

Front 56

Leiomyoma Locations

Back 56

a. Submucous- beneath endo
b. Intramural/Interstitial- w/in endo
c. Pedunculation

Front 57

Myoma Symptoms

Back 57

a. Menometrorrhagia
b. Freq urination
c. Enlarge UT
d. Pelvic Pain
e. Infertility

Front 58

Myoma Sono Findings

Back 58

a. well circumscribed hypoechoic mass
b. Lobulated w/increased attenuation
c. Whirled internal

Front 59

Adenomyosis

Back 59

a. Venetian Blind Shadow
b. Lg UT
c. Myometrial Cysts
d. Inhomogenous

Front 60

Endo Carcinoma

Back 60

a. Postmenopausal Bleeding
b. Pain
c. Increase UT size
d. Fluid in endo
e. Endo echoes

Front 61

Endo Hyperplasia

Back 61

a. abn uterine bleeding

Caused X estogen hormone replacement, PCOD, obesity

Front 62

Endo Hyperplasia Sono Findings

Back 62

smooth borders
Premenopausal- Endo>14mm
Postmenopausal- Endo>5mm

Front 63

Acute Hemorrhage Ovarian Cyst

Back 63

a. Posterior Acoustic Enhancement
b. Solid Hyperechoic Mass

Front 64

Benign Serous Tumors(Ovarian)

Back 64

a. Unilateral Mostly
b. sharp marginals
c. anechoic
d. thin septations

Front 65

Malignany Serous Tumors(Ovarian)

Back 65

a. Bilateral (50%)
b. Multilocular
c. echogenic material
d. ascites

Front 66

Benign Mucinous Tumors

Back 66

a. Thick and numerous septations
b. Up to 50 cms
c. Uni-lateral

Front 67

Malignanct Mucinous Tumors

Back 67

a. papillary
b. up to 30 cm
c, unilateral
d. echogenic material

Front 68

Transitional Cell Tumors

Back 68

Brenner Tumor
a. benign
b. unilateral
c. hypoechoic solid mass
d. small cystic spaces
e. calcs present
f. greater than 2cm

Front 69

Clear Cell Tumor

Back 69

a. always malignant
b. unilateral
c. up to 30 cms
d. complex solid mass

Front 70

Germ Cell Tumors

Back 70

mostly benign
derived from germ cells of embryonic gonads

Front 71

Benign Cystic Teratoma

Back 71

Germ Cell Tumor
unilateral
asymtomatic, incidental finding

cystic adnx mass with calcs
diffuse echogenic