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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prenatal period
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Time from conception until delivery of the fetus
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Ovulation
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release of an egg from the ovary
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Ovulation to menses is how many days
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14
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where does fertilization usually take place
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the distal 3rd of the follopian tube
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what is a blastocyst
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a hollow ball of cells that implant in the wall of the uteris
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when does the plecents develope
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3 weeks into pregnacy
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functions of the placenta
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life line and endocrine gland for hormones
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describe the umbilical cord
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two arteries and one vein 2ft in length the vein transports O2
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volume of amniotic fluid after 20 weeks
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500 to 1000 cc
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what % of blood does a uteris contain
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16% of the mothers blood
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what is a mucous plug
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it covers the cervix to protect the fetus
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describe respiratory changes in the pregnant mother
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Progesterone causes a decrease in airway resistance
40 % increase in tidal volume Diaphragm is pushed up |
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how much is the maternal blood volume increased
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45%
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how much does cardiac output increas in a pregnant female
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6 to 7 liters a min by the time the fetus is fully developed
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how much blood loss will cause a change in vital signs in a pregnant female
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30 to 35 %
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describe blood pressure in pregnant femal
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decreases slightly during the first two trimesters then returns to normal in third trimester
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what is Supine hypotensive syndrome
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it is when the mother lies on her back and compresses the inferior vena cava causeing decreased venous return to th right atrium which lowers blood pressure
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describe GI problems with the pregnant female
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N/V because of hormonal levels and change in carbohydrate needs also peristalsis is slowed which causes constipation
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Describe renal changes in the pregnant femal
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filtration rate increases 50%
because of the kidneys inability to absorb all the extra glucose gestational diabetes may develope |
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what is the average heart rate increas during pregnancy
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10 to 15 BPM
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what is the normal duration of pregnancy
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40 weeks from last period
10 luner months 9 calender months |
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when can fetal heart tones be heard
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20 weaks
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when is it possible for the baby to survive if born premature with extreme supportive care
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24 weeks
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when can you determine the sex of the baby
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16 weeks
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when does the fetal heart begin to beat
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4 weeks
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when are all body systems and external structures formed
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8 weeks size is about 1.2inch
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when does a premature baby have a very good chance of survival and why
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28 weeks because the surfactant neessary for lung function is formed
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what is the ductus venosus
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it is where the umbilical vein connects directly to the inferior vena cava
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What is the foramen ovale
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allows mixing of the oxygenated blood in the right atrium and then going to the left ventricle
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What is the ductus arteriosus
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this connects the pulmonary artery wiht the aorta which causses blood to bypass the uninflated lungs
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what is the normal fetal heart range
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140 to 160
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when the fundal height reaches the umbilicus about 20 cm how many week along is the mother
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20
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how should you position the mother for vitals
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on her left side to aleviate the presure on the inferior vena cava
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what is ectopic pregnanacy
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abnormal implantation of the fertilized egg outside of the uterus
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how does ectopic pregnanacy present
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abdominal pain that starts out diffuse and then localizes to sharp pain in the lower abdominal. LMP occurred 4 to 6 weeks and was shorter than usuall and brown in color. As intra abdominal bleedinng continues the abdomen becomes rigid and the pain intensifies and is often referred tothe shoulder on the affected side. watch for shock
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what is placenta previa
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abnormal implantation of hte placenta on the lower half of the uterin wall, may completely or partially cove the cervix
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what is the sign of plecenta previa
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the onset of painless bright red vaginal bleeding usually in the last trimester or during birth
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what is Abruptio Placentae
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premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall could be marginal (partial) or Central (severe) or Complete
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signs of abruptio placentae
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Marginal abruption, there will be bleeding but no pain
Central abruption, there will be sharp, tearing pain and a stiff board like abdomen Complete abruption, will result in massive hemorrhage |
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What is Preeclampsia
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hypertensive disorder of pregnancy defined as an increase of systolic of 30 and a diastolic of 15 over baseline
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What is eclampsia
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it is the moste severe of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy characterized by generalized tonic clonic seizure activity
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treatment of eclampsia may include what
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a bolus of Mag sulfate of 2 to 5 g diluted in 50 to 100 ml
slow iv push also valium may be in order for controling seizures be sure to have calcium glutimate available to reverse mag sulfate effects |
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what is supine hypotensive syndrome
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drop in blood pressure because of laying supine for too long, place in latteral recombent position and elevate her right hip
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what is the likely cause of a pregnant patient with altered mental status
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gestational diabetes
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what are braxton hick contractions
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contractions felt by the mother as early as 13 weeks, these enhance placental circulation and condition the abdominal muscles for labor also called false labor
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when is the fetus considered to be full term
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38 weeks
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what is effacement
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the thinning and shortening of the cervix during labor
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what is tocolysis
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the process of stopping labor
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what are the ways that tocolysis is done in the field
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sedation with narcotics or barbiturates
or administration of approximately 1 liter of fluid |
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what is the Puerperuum
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this is the time period surrounding the birth of the fetus
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what is the imminent sign of labor
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bloody show the pink tinged secretions that is released from the opening of the cervix
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how long after the bloody show will labor start
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12 to 24 hours, if not labor will be induced because of the risk of infection
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how do you asses the frequency and duration of contraction
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by placing your hand on the fundus of the uterus
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what are the 3 stages of labor
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Dilation
expulsion placental |
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what is the dilation stage
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it begins with the onset of contractions and ends with the cervical opening at 10 cm
usually lasts about 5 to 10 hours |
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what is the Expulsion stage
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begins with complete dialation and ends with the delivery of the fetus lasting about 30 to 60 min
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what is the Placental stage
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begins after the birth and ends with the delevery of the placenta last about 5 to 20 min
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what factors should prompt immediate transport despite the threat of delivery
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Prolonged rupture of membranes
abnormal presentation prolapsed cord or fetal distress as evident by meconium staining or fetal brady, the presence of multiple fetuses. |
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what should you do if the fetal heart rate is less than 90 or if the baby has not delivered after 20 min with contractions every 2 to 3 min
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transport immediately with mother on her left side
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what are the elements of the APGAR score
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Appearance
Pulse rate Grimace Activity respiratory effort |
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what is cephalopelvic disproportion
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usually associated with diabetes, multiparity or postmaturity. Transport immidiately
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what is precipitous Delivery
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delivery that occurs after less than 3 hours of labor. associated with fetal trauma and tearing of the umbilical cord and multiple lacerations
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What is meconium staining
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when the fetus passes feces into the amniotic fluid it is always indicative of a fetal hypoxic incident
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What is shoulder Dystocia
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a condition of diabetes and obese mothers. the baby has shoulders bigger than his head. have the mother drop her buttocks off the end of the bed then flex her thighs upward to facilitate delivery and apply firm pressure with and open hand immediately avove the symphysis pubis to assist
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what is postpartum hemorrhage
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when there is more than 500cc of blood loss after delivery, try fundal massage and administer oxytocin, replace fluids as needed
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What is uterine Rupture
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usually associated with trauma, it will cause extreme pain and shock. it usually occurs with the onset of labor and is always associated with the cessation of labor contractions
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What is Uterine Inversion
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when the uterus turns inside out after delivery and extends through the cervix, in this case make one attempt to replace the uterus
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Describe how a pulmonary embolism relates to pregnancy
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it acna occur after pregnancy, usually as a result of venous thromboembolism, it is one of the most common maternal deaths. it presents with suddon onset and sharp chest pain patients also report impending doom
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What do you do for PEA
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ask Dusty :)
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A woman who has given birth to her first child is termed
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Primipara
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What is the preferred analgesic in pregnancy
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nitrous oxide
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An APGAR scoring 4-6 indicates what
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the need for Oxygen and stimulation to breath
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