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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Epidemiology of female cancers
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Breast
Lung and bronchus Colon Uterine Ovary |
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Deaths from female cancers
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Lung and bronchus
Breast Colon Ovary Uterine |
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Age-specific causes of abnormal uterine bleeding
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45-55 - carcinoma, polyps, menopause
>55 - atrophic vaginitis, carcinoma, ERT |
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Evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding
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Breast, lymph node, and GYN exam
Pregnancy test, TSH, prolactin CBC to quantitate amount of bleeding Ultrasound to measure thickness of endometrial lining Hysteroscopy |
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Indications for biopsy
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Postmenopausal bleeding
Postmenopausal women with emdometrial cells on pap Perimenopausal intermenstrual bleeding Abnormal bleeding with history of anovulation Thickened endometrial stripe via sonography |
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Treatment for abormal uterine bleeding
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Treat underlying cause
Endometrial ablation Embolization Hysterectomy Cancer therapy |
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Risk factors for endometrial cancer
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Obesity
Nulliparous Late menopause Unopposed estrogen Atypical hyperplasia Diabetes HTN |
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Screening for endometrial cancer
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Education
Pap smear Histology Hysteroscopy and sonography |
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Poor prognostic factors for endometrial cancer
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Increasing age
Increasing stage Vascular invasion Clear cell, serous, or adenosquamous Aneuploid Altered oncogene expression |
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Endometrial cancer evaluation
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CA125 to determine spread
Chest x-ray Colon evaluation Transvaginal ultrasound |
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Detection of recurrence in endometrial cancer
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Pelvic exam with pap
CA-125 CXR Patient education about symptoms |
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Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer
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Abdominal or pelvic mass
Ascites Inguinal nodes Abdominal pain Urinary frequency Constipation or diarrhea Abnormal vaginal bleeding Abdominal distention Dyspnea |
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Ca-125
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Elevated in ovarian and sometimes endometrial tumors
Non-specific |
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Diagnostic evaluation of ovarian cancer
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PE
Pelvic US and CT Colonoscopy Laporoscopy or laporotomy |
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Risk factors for ovarian cancer
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Age
Family history Infertility Personal cancer history |
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Things that decrease ovarian cancer risk
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OCs
Pregnancy Tubal ligation Breast-feeding |
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Screening for ovarian cancer
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Comprehensive family history
CA-125 for high-risk women Ultrasound screening |
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Therapy for ovarian cancer
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Surgical resection
Chemotherapy - very chemosensitive |
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Recurrence rate of ovarian cancer
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75%
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Treatment options for relapse of ovarian cancer
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Secondary cytoreduction
Chemothreapy |
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Evaluation for cervical cancer
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Pap smear and cytology
Colposcopy |
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Incidence of cervical cancer
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Major killer worldwide
Decreasing incidence with pap smear |
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Risk factors for cervical cancer
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Early age of intercourse
Number of sexual partners Smoking Low SES High-risk male partner Other STDs HPV infection |
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Etiology of cervical cancer
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HPV causing cervical neoplasia
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HPV prevention
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Educate, especially high-risk groups
Delay onset of sexual intercourse Condoms |
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Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer
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Post-coital bleeding
Foul vaginal discharge Abnormal bleeding Pelvic pain Unilateral leg swelling or pain Pelvic mass Gross cervical lesion |
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Treatment of cervical cancer
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Conization
Loop excision Simple hysterectomy Radical hysterectomy Chemotherapy |
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Signs and symptoms of recurrent cervical cancer
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Weight loss, fatigue, anorexia
Abnormal vaginal bleeding Pelvic pain Unilateral leg swelling or pain Foul discharge Signs of distant metastasis |
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Treatment for recurrence of cervical cancer
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Surgery
Chemotherapy |
