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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the ultimate cause of obesity?
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Long-term positive energy balance
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What's the definition of obesity?
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BMI > 27.0
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What are the different grades of obesity?
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BMI of:
I: 27-35 II: 35-40 III: >40 |
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What's the definition of overweight?
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BMI of 25-27
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What's the dominant pathway in food intake?
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Leptin coming to the hypothalamus to act at the melanocortin4 receptor
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Where do peripheral signals for intake originate?
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GI tract
Adipose tissue Adrenal glands |
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What are the broad different categories of systems that regulate food inake?
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External factors
Central signals Peripheral signals |
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What is obesity associated with increased risk of?
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Cancer
OA Gout NAFLD Gall bladder disease Pancreatitits Stroke Vascular disease |
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What ar esome peripheral signals that regulate food intake?
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Glucose
Cortisol Ghrelin Leptin |
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What is the function of leptin?
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Signal that provides the readout of the body's total energy status to the brain.
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What are components of lifestyle modification for obesity control?
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Exercise
Diet Self-monitoring. |
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People who are successful at keeping weight off, what do they do?
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Keep exercising once they lose weight.
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What's the best diet for losing weight short-term?
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Low-carbohydrate diet.
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Long term, what are the best diets?
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Low fat diet
Mediterranean diet |
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What's the best diet for lipid parameteres?
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Mediterranean diet.
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What are the side effects of a low carb diet?
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Bad breath
Hair loss Constipation Dry mouth |
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What are some drugs that promote weight gain/
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Insulins
Sulfonylureas Thiazolidinediones |
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What are drugs that promote weight loss?
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Metformin
Exenatide (GLP-1 agonists) Pramlintide |
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When should you think about weight loss treatment?
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Over 27, yes
Over 30, YES, definitely |
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What's the most potent drug for weight loss?
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Phentamine and Topiramate (11% of weight)
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What's the most effective therapy for weight loss?
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Gastric bypass.
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What's the mechanism of orlistat?
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Blockage of fat absorption from the gut.
You have to give people fat-soluble vitamins with the drug to prevent malnutrition |
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What's the mechanism of qsymia?
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Phentermine: appetitie suppressant
Topiramate: appetite suppressant and seizure med. |
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How long can someone use qsymia?
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Only 3 months.
Have increased CV risk (hypertension) |
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What are the side effects of locaserin?
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Headache
Dizziness Nausea |
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What are the indications for lorcaserin?
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BMI > 30 kg/m^2
or >27 kg/m^2 with 1 weight-related complication |
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WHat's the idea behind surgery for GI complaints?
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Make stomach smaller
Alter rate of food transit |
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What are the different types of bariatric surgeries?
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Roux-en Y gastric bypass
Lp band Biliopancreatic diversion Duodenal switch Sleeve gastrectomy: removing the greater hormone |
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What's the effect of the roux-en Y gastric bypass?
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Improve insulin sensitivity
Change hormonal response to signal satiety earlier |
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Is there a survival benefit with gastric bypass?
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Yes.
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If someone has gastric bypass performed, what do they need to take?
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Lifelong supplements:
Multivitamins Ca Citrate B12 |
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What are indications for bariatric surgery?
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BMI>40
BMI>35 with comorbidity 18-60 YO Failure of medical treatments No contraindications |
