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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What effects does PPAR have on adipocytes?
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adipogenisis and differentiation
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What is PPAR?
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a transcription factor that responds to ligand binding
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what effect does PPAR have on macrophages?
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it inhibits the conversion from M2 to M1 proinflamitory macs
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What are TZDs and what do they do?
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they are used to restore insulin sensitivity to prediabetics.
TZDs act on PPAR to increase adiponectin LPL insulin receptor Glut4 inhibit M2 to M1 conversion |
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what is adiponectin?
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anti-inflamitory cytokine released by adipocytes.
it improves insulin sensitivity |
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what set point defense does weight loss trigger?
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increase in energy intake cravings
decrease in RMR |
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what causes the decrease in RMR for set point defense?
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thyroid hormone levels decrease
T3 is responsible for Na/K ATPase activity and lipid Ox. this is ~20% of RMR |
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where are 1st order neurons?
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ARC of hypothalamus
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where are 2nd order neurons?
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NTS of hindbrain
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what are all of the molecules for the "fed state"
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Leptin
GLP-1 PYY aMSH MCR4 CCK |
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what are all of the molecules for the "fast state"?
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Ghrelin
NPY NPY-R |
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what are the 1st order neurons for the "fed state"?
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POMC/CART
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what are the 1st order neurons for the "fasted state"?
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NPY/AgRP
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What do Leptin and PYY do?
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they inhibit the release of NPY (of the fast response pathway) and lead to a fed response
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what do NPY and AgRP do?
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they inhibit the release of aMSH (of the fed response pathway) and initiate a fast response
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what is CCKs function?
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decreases appetite in the NTS satiety center
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what is the role of the vagus nerve in appetite?
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monitors the distension of the stomach and decreases appetite when full
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what is unique about the hypothalamus in appetite regulation?
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it has no BBB and can actually sense the levels of macronutrients in the blood and responds accordingly
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where is leptin produced and secreted?
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in the adipose tissue
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what happens to the Leptin response in obese people?
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they become desensitized to Leptin secretion
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what is insulins effect on ARC and what is the effect of Type 1 Diabetes on this relationship?
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Insulin works with leptin to promote satiety.
Type 1 diabetes would induce polyphagia |
