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70 Cards in this Set

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Active Acquired Immunity
Formulation of antibodies by the pregnant woman in response to illness or immunization.
Meconium
Dark green or black material present in the large intestine of a full-term infant; the first stools passed by the newborn.
Passive Acquired Immunity
Transfer of anitbodies (IgG) from the mother to the fetus in utero
Physiologic Anemia of Infancy
A harmless condition in which the hemoglobin level drops in the first 6 to 12 weeks after birth, then reverts to normal levels.
Total Serum Bilirubin
Sum of conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin.
Acrocyanosis
Cyanosis of the extremities
Babinski Reflex
Reflex found normally in infants under 6 months of age in which the great toe dorsiflexes when the sole of the foot stimulated.
Habituation
Infant's ability to diminish innate responses to specific repeated stimuli.
Harlequin sign
A rare color change that occurs between the longitudinal halves of teh newborn's body, such that the dependent half is noticeably pinker than the superior half when the newborn is placed on one side; it is of no pathologic significance.
Physiologic Jaundice
A harmless condition caused by the normal reduction of red blood cells, occurring 48 or more hours after birth, peaking at the 5th to 7th days, and disappearing between the 7th and 10th days.
Brown adipose tissue (BAT)
Fat deposits in newborns that provide greater heat-generating activity than ordinary fat. Found around the kidneys, adrenals, and neck; between the scapulas; and behind the sternum. Also called brown fat.
Caput Succedaneum
Swelling or edema occurring in or under the fetal scalp during labor.
Cephalhematoma
Subcutaneous swelling containing blood found on the head of an infant several days after birth; it usually appears within a few weeks to 2 months.
Milia
Tiny white papules appearing on the face of a newborn as a result of unopened sebaceous glands; they disappear spontaneously within a few weeks.
En face
An assumed position in which one person looks at another and maintains his or her face in the same vertical plane as that of the other.
Portwine stain
naevus flammeus is a vascular birthmark consisting of superficial and deep dilated capillaries in the skin which produce a reddish to purplish discolouration of the skin.
Monogolian Spots
Dark, flat pigmentation of the lower back and buttocks noted at birth in some infants; usually disappears by the time the child reaches school age.
Mottling
Discoloration of the skin in irregular areas; may be seen with chilling, poor perfusion or hypoxia.
Surfactant
A substance composed of phospholipid, which stabilized and lowers the surface tension of the alveoli during extrauterine respiratory exhalation, allowing a certain amount of air to remain in the alveoli during expiration.
Swaddling
an age-old practice of wrapping infants snugly in swaddling cloths, blankets or similar cloth so that movement of the limbs is tightly restricted.
Vernix Caseosa
A protective, cheeslike, whitish substance made up of sebum and desquamated epithelial cells that is present on the fetal skin.
Hemangioma
a benign self-involuting tumor of endothelial cells (the cells that line blood vessels). In most cases it appears during the first days or weeks of life and will have resolved at the latest by age 10. In infancy, it is the most common tumor.[1]
Ortolani Maneuver
A manual procedure performed to rule out the possibility of developmental dysplastic hip.
Endogenous
"proceeding from within"
Exogenous
refers to an action or object coming from outside a system.
Universal Precautions
refers to the practice, in medicine, of avoiding contact with patients' bodily fluids, by means of the wearing of nonporous articles such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields.
Brazelton Neonatal Assessment
A brief examination used to identify the infant's behavioral states and responses.
Caput Succedaneum
Swelling or edema occurring in or under the fetal scalp during labor.
Dubowitz Maturity Scale
A clinical gestational age assessment tool.
Epsteins’s pearls
Small, white blebs found along the gum margins and at the junction of the hard and soft palates; commonly seen in the newborn as a normal manifestation.
Jaundice
Yellow pigmentation of body tissues caused by the presence of bile pigments.
Polydactyly
A developmental anomaly characterized by more than five digits on the hands or feet.
Rooming-In
an arrangement in a hospital whereby a newborn infant is kept in the mother's hospital room instead of in a nursery
Rooting
An infant's tendency to turn the head and open the lips to suck when one side of the mouth or cheek is touched.
Afterpains
Cramplike pains due to contractions of the uterus that occur after childbirth. They are more common in multiparas, tend to be most severe during breast feeding and last 2-3 days.
Colostrum
Secretion from the breast before the onset of true lactation; contains mainly serum and white blood corpuscles. It has a high protein content, provides some immune properties and cleanses the newborn's intestinal tract of mucus and meconium.
Diastasis
Separation of the recti abdominis muscles along the median line. In women, it is seen with repeated childbirths or multiple gestations. In the newborn, it is usually caused by incomplete development.
Engorgement
Vascular congestion or distention. In obstetrics, the swelling of breast tissue brought about by an increase in blood and lymph supply to the breast, preceding true lactation.
Episiotomy
Incision of the perineum to facilitate birth and to avoid laceration of the perineum.
Homan’s Sign
pain in the calf of the leg upon dorsiflexion of the foot with the leg extended that is diagnostic of thrombosis in the deep veins of the area
Abortion
Loss of pregnancy before the fetus is viable outside the uterus; miscarriage.
Hydatidiform mole
Degenerative process in chorionic villi, giving rise to multiple cysts and rapid growth of the uterus, with hemorrhage.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Excessive vomiting during pregnancy, leading to dehydration and starvation.
Incompetent cervix
The premature dilatation of the cervix usually in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Trichomoniasis
A sexually transmitted infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, a microscopic motile protozoan that thrives in an alkaline environment.
Cerclage
any of several procedures for increasing tissue resistance in a functionally incompetent uterine cervix that usually involve reinforcement with an inert substance especially in the form of sutures near the internal opening
Abruptio placentae
Partial or total premature separation of a normally implanted placenta.
Acceleration
Periodic increase in the baseline fetal heart rate.
Amniotomy
Artificial rupturing of the amniotic membrane.
Amnio Infusion
Procedure used to infuse a sterile fluid (normal saline) through an intrauterine catheter into the uterus in an attempt to increase the fluid around the umbilical cord to decrease or prevent cord compression during labor contractions; also used to dilute thick meconium stained amniotic fluid.
Bandl’s ring
an abnormal retraction ring (see retraction) that occurs in obstructed labour. It is a sign of impending rupture of the lower segment of the uterus, which becomes progressively thinner as Bandl's ring rises upwards. Immediate action to relieve the obstruction is then necessary, usually in the form of Caesarean section.
Breech
A birth in which the buttocks and or feet are presented instead of the head.
Choriocarcinoma
a malignant tumor derived from trophoblastic tissue consisting of syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts that develops typically in the uterus following pregnancy, miscarriage, or abortion especially when associated with a hydatidiform mole or rarely in the testes or ovaries chiefly as a component of a mixed germ-cell tumor
Chorioaminonitis
An inflammation of the amniotic membranes stimulated by organisms in the amniotic fluid, which then becomes infiltrated with polymorphonuclear.
Deceleration
Periodic decrease in the baseline fetal heart rate.
Dystocia
Difficult labor due to mechanical factors produced by the fetus or the maternal pelvis or due to inadequate uterine or other muscular activity.
Induction of labor
The process of causing or initiating labor by use of medications or surgical rupture of membranes.
Epidural anesethesia
Regional anesthesia effective through the first and second stages of labor.
Para cervical
pertaining to the area adjacent to the cervix.
Placenta Previa
Abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower uterine segment. Classification of type is based on proximity to the cervical os; total- completely covers the os, partial- covers a portion of the os, marginal- is in close proximity to the os.
Placenta Accreta
Partial or complete absence of the decidua basalis and abnormal adherence of the placenta to the uterine wall.
Preeclampsia
Toxemia of pregnancy, characterized by hypertension, albuminuria, and edema.
PIH
High blood pressure during pregnancy. preeclampsia.
Pudendal block
Injection of an anesthetizing agent at the pudendal nerve to produce numbness of the external genitals and the lower one third of the vagina to facilitate childbirth and permit episiotomy if needed.
Skirodkar Cerclage
cerclage; the sutures pass through the walls of the cervix so they're not exposed. This type of cerclage is less common and technically more difficult than a McDonald, and is thought (though not proven) to reduce the risk of infection.
Version
Turning of the fetus in utero.
VBAC
Vaginal birth after cesarean. Practice of permitting a trial of labor and possible vaginal birth for women following a previous cesarean birth for nonrecurring causes such as fetal distress or placenta previa.
Velamentous Insertion
the umbilical cord inserts into the membranes, then travels within the membranes to the placenta (between the amnion and chorion). The exposed vessels are not protected by Wharton's jelly and hence are vulnerable to rupture. Rupture is especially likely if the vessels are near the cervix, in which case they may rupture in early labor (causing a stillbirth).
Endometritis
Infection of the endometrium.
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast.