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127 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
albuminuria
The presence of a type of protein in the urine.
alpha-fetoprotein test (AFP)
A maternal blood test used to diagnose neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
alveoli
The area in the lungs where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs.
amnioinfusion
The infusion of warmed saline into the uterus to relieve cord compression or to wash meconium out of the cavity to prevent aspiration at birth.
amnion
The inner of the two fetal membranes; thin and transparent; holds the fetus suspended in amniotic fluid.
amnionitis
An inflammation or infection of the membrane closest to the developing fetus.
amniotic fluid
A transparent, almost colorless fluid contained in the fetal membranes/amnion; it protects the fetus from injury, maintains an even temperature, and allows fetal movement.
amniotomy
A surgical procedure in which the amniotic sac is ruptured to facilitate delivery of the fetus.
analgesic
(sedatives)
A drug that relieves pain but does not produce unconsciousness
androgen
A substance that stimulates masculinization, such as the male hormone testosterone or androsterone.
anesthesia
(sedative)
A partial or complete loss of sensation, especially of pain, with or without the loss of consciousness
angioma
A tumor, usually benign, that is made up chiefly of blood and lymph vessels.
animism
(pedi)
animism A period of cognitive development in which the child attributes life to inanimate objects.
anoxia
A complete absence of oxygen in the blood.
antepartum
(labor)
Before the onset of labor
antibody
(immune sys)
A specific protein substance that is formed in the body in response to antigens and restricts or destroys antigens.
antigen
A substance that precipitates an immune response, resulting in the formation of antibodies. Antigen-antibody reactions form the basis for immunity.
anuria
(kidney disorder)
The lack of urine formation by the kidneys.
Apgar score
(pedi)
An evaluation tool with a maximum score of 10; used to assess a newborn at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery. Five factors (scored 0, 1, or 2) are heart rate, color, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and respiratory effort.
AROM
(labor)
Artificial rupture of the (amniotic) membranes with a sterile instrument, such as an Amnihook or Allis clamp.
ascariasis
(pedi)
Roundworm infestation
asphyxia
(oxygen concerns)
An inadequate amount of oxygen or an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues of the body.
asynchrony
(pedi)
The lack of concurrence in time. A growing child may look gangling because of asynchrony of growth (i.e., different body parts mature at different rates).
ataractics
(sedative)
Tranquilizing agents
atony
A lack of muscle tone or strength.
attitude
(labor)
In obstetrics, the position of the fetus in the uterus (normally one of flexion of the head and extremities).
autolysis
The breakdown or endogenous destruction of cells due to enzymes in the body
ballottement
(pregnancy)
In obstetrics, the fetus floats away when palpated and then returns to touch the examiner’s fingers.
basal body temperature
(pregnancy)
chart A written graphic chart of daily body temperature, usually taken on awakening. The temperature usually drops at the beginning of ovulation.
biophysical profile (BPP)
(pregnancy)
A system of estimating the status of a fetus by evaluating heart rate, respiratory movement, muscle movement and tone, and amniotic fluid volume. Low scores require prompt delivery.
Bishop score
(labor)
A scoring system that uses cervical dilation, effacement, fetal station, cervical consistency, and position to determine if labor can be safely induced.
Bishop score
(labor)
A scoring system that uses cervical dilation, effacement, fetal station, cervical consistency, and position to determine if labor can be safely induced.
bradycardia
(heart)
A heart rate slower than the expected rate for age. In a newborn, a heart rate less than 110 beats/min; in a child, a heart rate less than 70 beats/min; in an adult, a heart rate less than 60 beats/min.
bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(lungs)
A complication of artificial oxygen ventilation characterized by scarring of the lung tissue, which inhibits lung ventilation and perfusion.
Broviac catheter
(pedi)
A central venous line used in small children who require total parenteral or continuous intravenous infusion.
Bryant’s traction
(pedi)
A type of skin traction apparatus commonly used for toddlers with a fractured femur. Vertical suspension is used.
café au lait spots
(pedi)
final
Light brown patch spots on the skin that may be characteristic of neurofibromatosis (a condition of tumors of various sizes on the peripheral nerves).
Chadwick’s sign
(pregnancy)
A violet-blue color of the vaginal mucous membrane caused by increased vascularity; it is visible about the fourth week of pregnancy.
chordee
(pedi)
final
A congenital anomaly in which a fibrous strand of tissue extends from the scrotum to the penis, preventing urination with the penis in the normal elevated position; commonly associated with hypospadias.
chorion
(pregnancy)
The fetal membrane closest to the interior uterine wall; it gives rise to the placenta and continues as the outer membrane surrounding the amnion.
chorionic villi
(pregnancy)
Threadlike projections on the chorionic surface of the placenta; they help to form the placenta and secrete human chorionic gonadotropin.
comedo
(skin)
pedi
final
A skin lesion caused by a plug of keratin, sebum, and bacteria; there are two types: blackheads and whiteheads.
Coombs’ test
(pregnancy)
blood
A blood test to determine if Rh antibodies are present in the blood of the mother or neonate.
corpus luteum
(pregnancy)
A small endocrine structure that develops inside a ruptured ovarian follicle and secretes both estrogen and progesterone.
couvade
(pregnancy)
father related
A syndrome in which the father experiences the symptoms of the pregnant partner.
cystic hygroma
A lymphangioma most commonly seen in the neck and axillae.
deceleration
(labor)
A periodic decrease in baseline fetal heart rate; can be early, late, or variable.
decidua basalis
(pregnancy)
The part of the decidua that unites with the chorion to form the placenta. It is shed in lochial discharge after delivery.
decrement
(labor)
A decrease or stage of decline, as in a contraction.
Denis Browne splint
(pedi)
clubfoot
Two separate footplates attached to a crossbar and fitted to a child’s shoes; sometimes used to correct clubfeet.
Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST)
(pedi)
Assesses the developmental status of a child during the first 6 years of life in five areas: personal, social, fine motor adaptive, language, and gross motor activities.
diaphoresis
Profuse sweating.
diploid
Containing a set of maternal and a set of paternal chromosomes. In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46.
duration
In obstetrics, the elapsed time from the beginning of a contraction until the end of the same contraction.
dyscrasia
A synonym for “disease
dyspareunia
Painful sexual intercourse
dystocia
(labor)
Difficult labor due to mechanical factors produced by the fetus or the maternal pelvis or due to inadequate uterine or other muscular activity.
early decelerations
(labor)
A fetal heart rate decrease during a contraction as a result of head compression.
eclampsia
(pregnancy)
Pregnancy-induced hypertension complicated by one or more seizures.
ectoderm
(fetus)
ectoderm The outer layer of cells in the developing embryo that give rise to the skin, nails, and hair.
egocentrism
(pedi)
final
A type of thinking in which a child has difficulty seeing anyone else’s point of view; this self-centering is normal in young children.
embryo
(pregnancy)
The early stage of development. In humans, the period from about 3 to 8 weeks of gestation.
encopresis
(pedi)
The passage of stool in a child’s underwear or in other inappropriate places after 4 years of age. Some children display concurrent behavioral problems.
endoderm
(fetus)
The inner layer of cells in a developing embryo that give rise to internal organs such as the intestines.
endometrium
(pregnancy)
The mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the uterus.
en face
(pedi)
A position in which the parent and infant have eye-to-eye contact at no more than a 9- to 10-inch distance.
enuresis
(pedi)
The abnormal inability to control urine; may be due to organic, allergic, or psychological problems.
epidural block
(labor)
A regional anesthetic block achieved by injecting a local anesthetic agent into the space overlying the dura of the spinal cord.
estrogen
A substance produced by the ovaries; during puberty it increases its production and helps to produce the secondary sex characteristics.
facies
(pedi)
Pertaining to the appearance or expression of the face; certain congenital syndromes typically present with a specific facial appearance.
fern test
, also known as ferning A palm-leaf pattern seen on a glass slide that contains dried cervical mucus; can be used to determine what phase of the menstrual cycle the woman is in. See also Billings method.
fetal alcohol syndrome
(pedi)
A syndrome that causes prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, mental retardation, and facial abnormalities, including a flat, thin upper lip border and down-slanting eyes.
fetal attitude
(labor)
A position of the fetus in the uterus, normally one of flexion, with the head flexed forward and the arms and legs flexed.
first stage of labor
The stage that begins with the first contractions of true labor and is completed when the cervix is fully dilated to 10 cm.
foramen ovale
The opening between the left and right atria in the fetal heart.
frequency
(labor)
In labor, the period of time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next.
Friedman graph
(labor)
A method of describing and recording the progress of labor.
fulminating
(disease)
Occurring rapidly; usually said of a disease.
gate control theory
The stimulation of larger sensory nerves to obstruct the path of pain stimuli from reaching the central nervous system; a method used to cope with pain.
gavage
Feeding the patient by means of a stomach tube or a tube passed through the nose, pharynx, and esophagus into the stomach.
gestational trophoblastic disease
(labor)
Hydatidiform mole; occurs when the chorionic villi abnormally increase and develop small sacs that resemble small grapes. Chromosomal abnormalities are found in many cases.
gonad
A sex gland; ovaries in the female and testes in the male.
Goodell’s sign
(pregnancy)
A softening of cervix that occurs during the second month of pregnancy.
graafian follicle
The ovarian cyst containing the ripe ovum; it secretes estrogens.
guided imagery
(labor)
An alternative therapy in which pleasant mental images of events, feelings, or sensations are employed; used as a distraction method of coping with the pain of labor.
habilitation
(pedi)
A term used to describe the treatment of a patient who is handicapped from birth and therefore is learning, not relearning, a task.
Hegar’s sign
(pregnancy)
Softening of the lower uterine segment found upon palpation in the second or third month of pregnancy.
inborn error of metabolism
(pedi)
A deficiency of specific enzymes that are needed for normal metabolism and growth. It develops in utero; may be inherited.
innominate bone
(pedi)
The hip bone, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
kernicterus
(pedi)
A grave form of jaundice in the newborn, accompanied by brain damage.
lactiferous ducts
(mom)
Tiny tubes within the breast that conduct milk from the acini cells to the nipple.
Laminaria
(labor)
Type of kelp or seaweed that can be used to help dilate the cervical canal to aid in delivery of the products of conception (neonate).
late deceleration
(labor)
a concern
The slowing of the fetal heart during a uterine contraction that continues after the contraction ends.
leiomyoma
(female concerns)
A tumor in the myometrium of the uterus; also known as a fibroid.
luteinizing hormone (LH)
(female) pregnancy
The anterior pituitary hormone responsible for stimulating ovulation and developing the corpus luteum.
macrosomia
(pedi)
An abnormally large infant, or neonatal birthweight above the 90th percentile.
maternal mortality rate
A number reflecting the amount of maternal deaths that occur within 42 days after termination of a pregnancy or delivery of a live fetus within 1 year.
meconium ileus
(pedi)
A deficiency of pancreatic enzymes in the intestinal tract in which the meconium of the fetus becomes excessively sticky and adheres to the intestinal wall, causing obstruction. It is occasionally seen in babies born with cystic fibrosis.
megacolon Hirschsprung’s disease;
(pedi)
final
congenital absence of ganglionic cells in a segment of the large bowel, which results in massive dilation of the bowel.
meiosis
(pregnancy)
Cell division to halve the number of chromosomes in the ova and sperm to 23.
meningomyelocele
(pedi)
final
A sacklike cyst containing the meninges, spinal cord, and fluid that has herniated through the spinal column, usually via some form of anatomical defect of the bony spinal canal.
mesoderm
The intermediate layer of germ cells in the embryo that gives rise to connective tissue, bone marrow, muscles, blood, lymphoid tissue, and epithelial tissue.
metered dose inhaler (MDI)
A device that delivers measured puffs of medication for inhalation.
milia
(pedi)
final
Very small, white, keratin-filled cysts or papules normally found on an infant’s face. They generally disappear if left alone.
miliaria
(pedi) final
Prickly heat; inflammation of the skin caused by sweating.
mitosis
(pregnancy)
Cell division in all body cells other than the gametes (ova and sperm).
mongolian spot
(pedi) final
A benign, blue-hued pigmentation usually found around the lower back or buttock. It is seen most often in dark-skinned infants.
mons veneris
(pedi) final
The fleshy tissue over the female symphysis pubis from which hair develops at puberty.
morula
(pregnancy)
A solid mass of cells that develop from the fertilized ovum.
nesting
(pedi) final
The provision of an enclosed space bounded by a small blanket roll encircling the preterm infant. It helps to provide a calm, supportive environment for the infant.
neonate
(pedi) final
An infant between the age of birth and 28 days of life.
nevus (pl, nevi)
(pedi) final
A congenital discoloration of an area of the skin, such as a strawberry mark or mole.
non-reassuring fetal heart rate
(late deceleration)
labor
An alteration in the normal fetal heart rate that suggests the placenta is not delivering enough oxygen to the fetus, such as a late deceleration.
nonshivering thermogenesis
(pedi) final
The oxidation of brown fat in the neonate to produce heat to keep warm.
nuchal
(pedi)
Pertaining to the neck.
nuclear family
A family group that consists of one or more adults and one or more children.
omphalocele
(pedi) final
A herniation of abdominal contents at the umbilicus
ophthalmia neonatorum
(pedi) final
Acute conjunctivitis of the newborn, often caused by gonococci or Chlamydia
opportunistic infection
(pedi) final
An infection caused by bacteria normally found in the environment that become pathogenic to the body due to a defective immune system; usually seen in immunosuppressed individuals whose CD4 counts have dropped to a critical level, such as patients with cancer or AIDS.
orthopnea
(pedi)
final
A condition in which the patient must sit up to breathe.
Ortolani’s maneuver
(pedi) final
An examination maneuver on a newborn to determine the presence or absence of congenital hip malformation.
ovarian cycle
The changes that the ovarian follicles undergo throughout the menstrual cycle. Days 1 to 14 are the follicular phase, and days 15 to 28 are the luteal phase.
paraphimosis
(pedi) final
Impaired circulation of the uncircumcised penis due to improper retraction of the foreskin
parenteral
(pedi) final
A medication route other than the gastrointestinal tract; can be intravenous, intramuscular, etc.
parturient
parturition
(labor)
parturient Pertaining to the act of childbirth; a woman giving birth.
parturition The process of giving birth.
passive acquired immunity
(pedi) final
Antibodies to a communicable disease are given to the patient
phenotype
The entire physical, biochemical, and physiologic makeup of an individual as determined both genetically and environmentally.