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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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abortion
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Birth that occurs before 20 weeks’ gestation, or fetus less than 500 grams
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stillbirth
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Fetus born dead after 20 weeks’ gestation
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gravidity
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Total number of pregnancies regardless of duration
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parity
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# of past pregnancies carried to viability (20-24 weeks gestation & 500 grams)
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Gravida
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Term deliveries (38+ weeks)
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Premature
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deliveries (between 20-37 weeks)
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Nagele’s Rule
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First day of LMP Subtract 3 months, Add 7 days
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McDonald’s Rule:
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Calculation of gestation using measurement of fundal height. Measure from symphasis pubis to top of fundus in cm. Gestation is equivalent to measurement + or – 2 weeks
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Urinary frequency
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Pressure on bladder as uterus enlarges
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Goodell's sign
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is an indication of pregnancy. It is a significant softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix.
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Chadwick's Sign
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Bluish Tinge to the Vagina and Cervix
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uterine souffle
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a sound made by the blood within the arteries of the gravid uterus.
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Fetal heartbeat
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Fetoscope: 16-20 weeks Doppler: 10-12 weeks
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Fetal movement
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20 weeks gestation
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start of breathing movements
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10-11 weeks
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Thicker uterine walls stimulated by
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estrogen & progesterone levels
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Progesterone
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Maintains pregnancy; relaxes uterus
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Estrogen
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Stimulates uterus
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Prostaglandins
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Lower vascular resistance
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Breast Tenderness
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By end of 2nd month
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clostrum
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production starts by 12th week. Converts to milk 2-3 days after birth.
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cardiac changes during pregnancy
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PMI - 4th intercostal space
EKG Deviation in QRS complex Systolic murmur |
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hematologic changes during pregnancy
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Hypercoagulation state Fibrinogen, PT, PTT
RBC, WBC, Neutrophil count ↑ during second month of pregnancy Platelets |
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hemodynamic changes in pregnancy
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Produce a High-Flow, Low-Resistance state
Increased Blood Volume Heart Rate Stroke Volume Cardiac Output Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) Blood Pressure |
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respiratory changes in pregnancy
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Oxygen consumption increases progressively ↑ during labor
Anatomic Uterine enlargement Hyperemia r/t increased blood supply Breathing becomes diaphragmatic Respiratory rate Arterial Blood Gases Lung Volumes FRC Oxygen Consumption Multiple gestation Labor Pushing 30 |
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metabolic changes during pregnancy
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Increased glucose need Increased metabolism Increased K-cal need Mineral:
Iron needs increase Water metabolism: Need minimum 6-8 8 oz. glasses per day |
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hormonal changes during pregnancy
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Pituitary enlarges Anterior lobe slightly increases in size. Posterior lobe: Oxytocin production gradually
increases as fetus matures. Increased Thyroid function Increased Pancreatic function Increased Ovarian function Increased Adrenal function |
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alpha-fetoprotein
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Not diagnostic. Elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein can indicate the presence of a neural tube defect such as spina bifida or anencephaly. (Anencephaly is failure of the brain to develop.) Low levels of alpha-fetoprotein and estriol, combined with elevated levels of HCG, can indicate Down's syndrome.
False neg can be indicated depending on the accuracy of maternal body weight and correct gestational age. |
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Non Stress Test (NST)
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Used in evaluating fetal status (28 wks to birth)
EFM to obtain tracing of FHR observed FHR acceleration with fetal movement Implies an intact CNS and ANS, |
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Reactive NST
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2 or more accelerations within 20 minutes
accelerations are 15 bpm above BL; lasting 15 seconds in duration |
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Non-Reactive NST
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does not meet above criteria
evaluated further with a BPP |
