Oa In Horses And Other Lam

Front 1

In horses, lameness d/t joint injury or dz is the most common cause for...

Back 1

inability to race
loss of performance
wastage in racing horses

Front 2

OA is basically the ___ failure of the _____

Back 2

organ
organ joint

Front 3

What makes up the "organ joint"

Back 3

ligaments
fibrous joint capsule
synovial membrane
cartilage
subchondral bone
menisci

Front 4

What is OA?

Back 4

progressive, irreversible breakdown of articular cartilage

Front 5

Name the changes in the following joint tissues
subchondral bone:
Joint capsule:
Synovial membrane:

Back 5

subchondral bone: sclerosis, lysis
joint capsule: fibrosis
synovial membrane: hyperplasia, hyperemia, increased synovial fluid production

Front 6

3 common causes for OA

Back 6

trauma (most common)
infection
developmental/congenital cartilage or joint abnormalities

Front 7

Describe the two relationships between force and cartilage that result in OA

Back 7

Abnormal forces on normal cartilage
Normal forces on abnormal cartilage

Front 8

What IL is secreted by synoviocytes and chondrocytes?
a) IL-1
b) IL-2
c) IL-3
d) IL-4
e) IL-6

Back 8

IL-1

Front 9

What is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine in OA?

Back 9

IL-1

Front 10

IL-1 increases the production of what?

Back 10

aggrecanases

Front 11

What do aggrecanases do?

Back 11

degrade cartilage matrix proteoglycans

Front 12

Production of what other substance that degrades cartilage matrix proteoglycans and collagen is increased during OA

Back 12

matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)

Front 13

Articular cartilage is 80% what?

Back 13

water

Front 14

Which collagen type is articular cartilage?

Back 14

type 2

Front 15

T or F
Collagen has compressive strength while proteoglycans has tensile strenght

Back 15

false
collagen has tensile
proteoglycans have compressive

Front 16

Are proteoglycans highly positively or negatively charged?

Back 16

negatively

Front 17

Cx of OA

Back 17

Lameness localized to a joint
+/- joint effusion
decreased ROM
pain on joint flexion
fibrosis/thickening of peri-articular tissues

Front 18

What are the rad signs of OA?

Back 18

osteophytosis
subchondral bone sclerosis
joint space narrowing
(+/- lysis in distal hock joints)

Front 19

Where does the pain originate in each of the following?
synovial membrane:
fibrous joint capsule:
subchondral bone:

Back 19

synovial membrane: inflammatory
fibrous joint capsule: inflammatory
subchondral bone: inflammatory, increased subchondral bone pressue, mechanical

Front 20

Sx for OA is usually done how?

Back 20

arthroscopic

Front 21

When is medical tx for OA indicated?

Back 21

adjunct therapy for surgical tx
if there is no "mechanical" reason for OA that could be addresed surgically
trauma not amenable for surgical intervention
synovitis, capsulitis

Front 22

objective for medical tx of OA

Back 22

decrease pain (lameness)
minimize progression of OA

Front 23

What does is the purpose of a SMOAD?

Back 23

symptom modifying so therefore decrease pain (lameness)

Front 24

What is the purpose of a DMOAD

Back 24

Disease modifying...therefore minimize progression of oA

Front 25

Does improving pain= slowing down cartilage breakdown?

Back 25

no

Front 26

Does slowing down cartilage breakdown = pain relief?

Back 26

no

Front 27

Name methods of medical tx for OA

Back 27

regular exercise
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
hyaluronan
polysulfated polysaccharides
oral supplements
extracorporeal shock wave therapy

Front 28

Is stall rest an answer to OA

Back 28

nooooooooooo! only use for up to 7 days. Regular exercise is the best you can do!!!

Front 29

NSAIDs decrease what associated pain?

Back 29

joint

Front 30

Name some NSAIDs and whether they are SMOADS or DMOADS

Back 30

Phenylbutazone (SMOAD)
flunixin meglumine (SMOAD)
firocoxib (didn't say)
dicrofenac (SMOAD and DMOAD!)

Front 31

How long can you use the max dose of phenylbutazone?

Back 31

1-2 days

Front 32

You shouldn't use banamine for more than how many days?

Back 32

3-5

Front 33

What are the side effects of bute and banamine?

Back 33

GI ulcers
renal damage

Front 34

Is firocoxib a COX-1 or 2 inhibitor?

Back 34

2

Front 35

With firocoxib you should expect improvement in lameness > grade 1 after how many days?

Back 35

6

Front 36

Does firocoxib have more or less GI side effects than bute?

Back 36

fewer

Front 37

How is dicrofenac administered?

Back 37

as a topical...1" strip over the joint

Front 38

T or F
Dicrofenac has minimal systemic absorption

Back 38

ture

Front 39

Does dicrofenac have more or less subchondral bone sclerosis and cartilage bone erosion than bute?

Back 39

more

Front 40

Does dicrofenac have more or less analgesia than bute?

Back 40

less

Front 41

How are corticosteroids administered when txing OA?

Back 41

intra-articularly

Front 42

Corticosteroids act as strong ______ and ____ medications and therefore are definitely (SMOAD/DMOADS)

Back 42

analgesics
anti-inflammatory
SMOADS

Front 43

Which 2 corticosteroids are chondroprotective? Does that make them SMOADS or DMOADS?

Back 43

betamethasone
triamcinolone
DMOADs

Front 44

What is zellmers first line corticosteroid?

Back 44

triamcinolone

Front 45

What is zellmers last resort corticosteroid?

Back 45

methylprednisone

Front 46

How often can corticosteroids be injected?

Back 46

every 3 mos

Front 47

How many days does the horse need to rest after getting a corticosteroid injection?

Back 47

3-7 days

Front 48

After giving corticosteroid injections owners need to watch for signs of what other pathology? How can this be prevented?

Back 48

septic arthritis
combine with amikacin or gentamicin

Front 49

What can you combine corticosteroids with that will decrease negative side effects and will have additive positive effects?

Back 49

HA

Front 50

What is a naturally occurring constituent of synovial fluid, cartilage matrix?

Back 50

HA

Front 51

Is HA considered to be a SMOAD or DMOAD?

Back 51

DMOAD...provides only some analgesia

Front 52

The intra-articular cartilage dose of HA can be given once a week for how many weeks?

Back 52

3

Front 53

The intra-articular dose of HA will result in less cartilage _____ but will have no influence on _____

Back 53

fibrillation, lameness

Front 54

The IV dose of HA can be given once a week for how many weeks?

Back 54

3

Front 55

The IV dose of HA will result in improved ____ and improved _____ changes

Back 55

lameness
soft tissue

Front 56

Name some polysulfated polysaccharides

Back 56

adequan (PSGAGs)
pentosan polysulfate

Front 57

How is adequan usually administered?

Back 57

IM

Front 58

What do you need to be aware of when you give adequan intra-articularly?

Back 58

Increases risk of infection....give it with amikacin!!!!

Front 59

Are polysulfated polysaccharides considered SMOADs or DMOADs

Back 59

DMOADs

Front 60

What do most oral supplements for OA contain?

Back 60

chondroitin sulfate
glucosamine
some have HA

Front 61

Are CS and glucosamine absorbed will in the GI tract?

Back 61

nope

Front 62

What foods that rindsy eats have shown promising effects for OA?

Back 62

soy and avacado oil unsaponifiables