Nwacc Environmental Science Final

Front 1

An LD50 (lethal dose 50) is a dose of a toxic chemical that...

Back 1

kills half the population

Front 2

Teratogen

Back 2

A chemical that causes abnormal growth in fetuses

Front 3

T or F? Pathogenic organisms are those that are susceptible to diseases

Back 3

False

Front 4

Organisms are physiologically able to minimize some of the effects of toxins if

Back 4

A minimal amount is taken into the body

Front 5

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Back 5

Retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment

Front 6

Hazardous substances are ____________ While toxins are____________________

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Dangerous substance; poisonous substances

Front 7

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Back 7

A trusted and reliable way to get results

Front 8

Detection of toxic chemicals depend on

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The sensitivity of measuring techniques and how many chemicals are present

Front 9

The EPA usually assumes an acceptable risk for environmental hazard is about 1 in

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1 million

Front 10

Toxic substances are dangerous because they

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React or interfere with specific cell functions

Front 11

Most of the excessive co2 that is expected to cause global warming is generated by

Back 11

the burning of fossil fuels and production of cement and clearing of forests only

Front 12

the amount of co2 released by human activities per year is approximately...

Back 12

30 billion tons

Front 13

the atmospheric zone where mist weather events occur is the

Back 13

troposphere

Front 14

the two main gases making up the lower atmosphere are

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nitrogen and oxygen

Front 15

what are the ecological implications of global warming

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plants and animals that are residing in fragmented habitats may not be able to move to a suitable habitat

Front 16

true or false? nineteen of the 20 warmest of the last 150 years have occurred since 1980

Back 16

true

Front 17

when cool, dry air sinks from the upper atmosphere towards the earth surface, it is

Back 17

compressed and becomes warmer

Front 18

_______ ozone is harmful, damaging plants and human health while ozone at the ______ level screens out mutagenic UV radiation

Back 18

troposheric; stratosphere

Front 19

True or False? there has been an increase in frequency and intensity of storms and hurricanes

Back 19

true

Front 20

When El Nino occurs every 3 to 7 years, a mass of warm pacific water is usually pushed westward by trade winds

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surges back eastward toward South America

Front 21

A major source of volatile organic compounds is

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incomplete burning of hydrocarbons

Front 22

Primary pollutant are those that are

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Released directly in dangerous forms

Front 23

The ozone hole is a depletion currently most serious

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Near the poles

Front 24

The air pollutant least successfully removed from the air by technologies in developed nations is

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Nitrogen oxides

Front 25

The most common human health response to air pollution is

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Inflammatory responses in sensitive tissues

Front 26

The use of scrubbers, precipitators, and filters on power plants and other smokestack industries probably account for

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Decrease in sulfur oxides and solid particulate matter

Front 27

____ are examples of secondary pollutants

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Photochemical oxidants

Front 28

One of the principal ways lakes suffer from acid deposition is that

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Fish eggs die and fish populations fall

Front 29

T or F Worldwide air pollution control efforts are least advanced or least successful in major cities of developing countries

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True

Front 30

There are serious signs that ozone depletion may lead to

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UV caused skin cancer and UV caused blindness

Front 31

T or F Application of fertilizer to farm field is an example of cultural eutrophication

Back 31

True

Front 32

Coliform bacteria populations are routinely monitored in drinking water supplies, swimming pools, and at beaches because these bacteria

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Indicate the presence of feces in water

Front 33

Factory sewage treatment plant and oil wells are _____ sources of water pollution

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Point

Front 34

Plants that take up heavy metals found in water would be an example of

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Bioremediation

Front 35

T or F raw sewage would contribute to the biochemical oxygen demand of a stream and cause fewer organisms to be present

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True

Front 36

The place where aquifers are most likely to be contaminated is at

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Recharge zones

Front 37

____ sources of water pollution are relatively easy to monitor and regulate while ____ sources of water pollution are difficult to monitor and clean up

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Point; Nonepoint

Front 38

The main reason the surface water pollution has largely decreased in United States since 1950

Back 38

The Clean Water Act

Front 39

The activity that uses the greatest share of US household water is

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Flushing the toilet

Front 40

A major factor in the conversion from fossil feels to renewable forms of energy

Back 40

Infrastructure

Front 41

Control rods in nuclear reactors are used

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Absorb neutrons

Front 42

Energy is measured in what units

Back 42

joules

Front 43

Most of the world's nuclear reactors are of the _____ type

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pressurized water (PWR)

Front 44

Nuclear Power provides about ___ percent of the US energy supply

Back 44

9

Front 45

Energy waste in North America results from

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technological inefficiency

Front 46

T or F the largest oil supply in the Americas comes from Tar sands

Back 46

True

Front 47

The most likely disaster in a nuclear power plant is that

Back 47

Cooling systems fail causing rapid overheating

Front 48

A major factor in the conversion from fossil fuels to renewable forms of energy is

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Infrastructure

Front 49

A reason to encourage green building designs would be that

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It would save money that would be spent on energy needs

Front 50

A giant sea swell known as a tsunami is caused by

Back 50

Earthquakes

Front 51

coal would be obtained through

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Mountain top removal

Front 52

T or F One of the largest earthquake ever recorded in North America occurred around New Madrid Missouri in 1812

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True

Front 53

Pressurized fluid injected into a well is used in a mining process called

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Fracking

Front 54

Rocks are _____ in the process called the rock cycle

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Broken down and reformed

Front 55

T or F smelting releases metals from ore

Back 55

True

Front 56

Which resource has the highest recycle rate

Back 56

Aluminum

Front 57

Why would the environment degradation association with a mining be a low priority for a less developed country

Back 57

Country relies on the exports of a role for the majority of their foreign exchange

Front 58

What gas is released in the process of smelting

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Sulfur dioxide

Front 59

_____ rocks are often the source of metal ores such as gold, silver, and copper

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Metamorphic

Front 60

Waste stream is a term describing

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The steady production of all waste products that humans produced

Front 61

According to the EPA the US produces ___ tons of solid waste per year

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11 billion

Front 62

Biological treatment of hazardous waste involve ______ hazardous substances

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Using plants bacteria or fungi to absorb and detoxify

Front 63

CERCLA legislation

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Establishes the NPL

Front 64

Composting is a waste disposal method that

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Vastly reduces total waste volumes

Front 65

Illegal dumping and storage of hazardous waste

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Continues to threaten public health

Front 66

Individual efforts to reduce the volume of the waste stream

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Have enormous cumulative effects

Front 67

Landfills differ from open dumps in that

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Landfill waste is compacted and covered

Front 68

T or F Secure landfills are usually filled with gravel

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False

Front 69

hazardous waste is anything that

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is toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, corrosive, or explosive