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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy and the MEOS pathway vs ADH pathway |
-MEOS uses NADPH, it's conversion requires energy. -MEOS looses energy as heat, shows how insufficient the process is -ADH produces energy, does not consume it |
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Stomach and Alcohol metabolism |
-stomach absorbs ~20% alcohol efficiently -converts ~10% into acetaldehyde, this is hugely beneficial and anything that disrupts health state of stomach will effect this process -rest of alcohol (70-90%) waits until liver to be broken down |
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How can chronic drinking lead to weight loss? |
Chronic alcoholic's MEOS is running super fast and are using a ton of energy to break down the excess alcohol so are actually energy deficient and therefore loose weight -deficient since are using all the energy to break down alcohol and energy from alcohol not enough to replenish it |
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What increases MEOS activity? |
Increased consumption increases MEOS acitivity -also increases alcohol tolerance |
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Main MEOS function? |
-To metabolize drugs and foreign substances |
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Products of ADH and MEOS? |
-are the same, make acetyl-CoA which enters TCA cycle |
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when does this this movement into TCA not occur? |
IN starvation state when using gluconeogensis and the oxaloacetate is being cyphened out of TCA so can't be used to accept acetyl-coA |
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Drugs in the body? |
drugs work on system by hitting/binding to certain things, if keep circulating in body it isn't good (toxic effects) so body needs to break the drugs down and turn into non-toxic products |
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What happens when have chronic drinkers take medications? |
-increased alcohol activates more MEOS than normal -increased metabolizing of drugs=increased break down= lower concentration -means need higher of the drugs doses for same effect (ex: barbituates, clotting agents etc) -can also produce more toxic by-products |
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Abuse of prescription pills and by chronic alcohol drinkers? |
-when first abuse the drugs, you get a higher high because MEOS is focused on alcohol so drugs can move through body more and bind to receptors more and for longer -alcohol therefore boosts the high -but if no alcohol consumed and then take the pills, now MEOS is over active and will break down drugs way faster, so they loose their affect -so have to take higher doses for same efffect -if breakdown happens too fast can lead to too many toxic by products and death by overdoes |
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Other pathways alcohol induces? |
-chronic alc consumption can lead to other metabolic pathway to breakdown zenobiotics -is the CYP2E1 pathway, used to break down acetaminophen |
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acetaminophen in non-alcoholics? |
-is not an NSAID, used for non-inflammatory aspects of pain and fever relief -considered safer than NSAID when taken correctly -normally, drugs in system get to liver, liver breaks down into mostly harmless products to be peed out (vis CYP2E1 pathway) -does produce small amount of NAPQ1, which is toxic but body can handle it when are taking correct dosages and not drinking |
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acetaminophen w/ alcoholics? |
-when are a chronic drinker you increase the CYP2E1 pathway to get rid of the alcohol toxin (isn't main pathway to deal w/ alc but will be activated if have way excess of alc) -this over activation causes NAPQ1 production to pump way up and is bad/toxic -occasional combo of alc and acetaminophen, not terrible but if chronic drinker than over use acetaminophen is very dangerous |
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Factors that affect alcohol metabolism/ BAC? |
1) lean vs. fat (total body water content) 2) male vs female 3) large v small body 4) rate of consumption 5) amount alc consumed 6) individual normal alc intake |
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Lean vs fat people alc metabolism/BAC? |
lean tissue has more water and improved whole body hydration, also means more bodily water. Means alcohol readily leaves the blood to enter these tissues, thus dropping blood-alcohol levels -means fat person will have higher BAC for same amount drank |
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Females vs men BAC? |
1) females tend to have more body fat to maintain estrogen levels for bone health and menstration, so have lower alc metabolism and get higher BAC for same amount drank by man 2) have less stomach ADH than men so have more unaltered alc getting absorbed so peak blood-alcohol goes up a lot more than men who have partially broken some down to acetaldehyde by ADH |
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Rate of consumption and BAC? |
-if stretch drink out for a longer period of time, gives liver more time to handle the alcohol and break down into non-toxic stuff, won't get overhwlemed |
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Individual normal alcohol intake and BAC? |
-if never drink alcohol than ADH takes time to kick in and work efficently, and more time before EOS realizes needs to be turned on |
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When stop drinking? |
-alcohol metabolism has idiot lights -when start getting decreased inhibitoin, altered judgment, feel tried and issues w/ balance body saying had enough -when you start vomititng/feeling drowsy, is way of body preventing you from overdoing and dying |
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rate of consumption? |
if drink too fast then blow by all the warning signs and you get compeltley messed up and then you end up in a coma and die |
