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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photosynthesis?
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a process by which organisms produce simple carbs from carbin dioxide and hydrogen
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Simple Carbohydrates?
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Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
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Monosaccharides?
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single sugars- glucose, fructose, galactose
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Disaccharides?
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simple sugars- linked pairs- sucrose [sugars], lactose [milk products], maltose [fermentation, alcohol production]
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The typical american diet contains what percentage of carbs?
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50%
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Carbohydrate Needs. RDA for adults? How much prevents ketosis?
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130g RDA for adults
100g prevents ketosis |
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Carbohydrate digestion begins where and with what?
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Mouth with salivary amylase
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Carbohydrate digest in the pancreas is with what?
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pancreatic amylase
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Carbs that aren't absorbed go where?
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to the large intestine through the small intestine & can be fermented by bacteria
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We store carbs by what? how about plants?
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glcogen; amylose & amylopectin
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What are the hormones involved in carb absorption?
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insulin & glucagon
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Two types of fiber?
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soluble & insoluble
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Soluble?
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slows stomach emptying & glucose absorption, may decrease blood cholesterol
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Insoluble?
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increases fecal bulk, decreases intestinal transit time
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What characterizes diabetes?
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the body does not produce or properly use insulin, characterized by elevated blood glucose
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Type 2 Diabetes?
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mostly found in adults, insulin resistance, treatments are diet, exercise & long-lasting insulin
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What is the structural difference between saturated & unsaturated fatty acids? What form are saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
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saturated has no double bonds; solid
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Examples of Saturated:
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butter, palm oil
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Examples of Unsaturated:
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corn oil, soy bean oil
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What are the essential fatty acids?
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omega 6 [linoleic], omega 3 [linolenic]
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What is the main source of cholesterol? is there any in peanut butter?
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animal foods; no
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What is the function of cholesterol?
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forms important hormones and vitamin D
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Where does fat digestion begin and with what?
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the stomach with gastric lipase
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What happens with short & medium chain fatty acids? what about long?
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are water soluble, enter the portal system; re-form into triglyceridesin intestinal cells
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VLDL? What is it synthesized by? What does it transport?
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very low density lipoprotein; liver; transports newly made fat and cholesterol as well as any left over dietary lipids
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LDL? What is it synthesized by? What does it transport? What is it known as?
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low density lipoprotein; liver; cholesterol; "bad cholesterol" most abundant
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HDL? What is it synthesized by? What does it transport? What is it known as?
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high density lipoprotein; liver & intestine; transports cholesterol from the body's cells to the liver for excretion; "good cholesterol"
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Risk Factors of heart disease? Decrease risk?
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smoking, hypertension, diabetes; exercise, don't smoke
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