Nutrition, Vitamins And Trace Elements

Front 1

What are the 4 components of Nutrition Care Process?

Back 1

• Nutritional Assessment
• Nutrition Diagnosis
• Nutrition Intervention
• Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation
  

Front 2

Body Mass Index, Patient History, Dietary Surveys, environmental conditions, and biochemical markers are all included in which component of Nutrition Care process?

Back 2

nutrition assessment

Front 3

Which protein is a good marker for chronic deficiency, but poor for short-term deficiency?

Back 3

albumin

Front 4

What is the half life of albumin?

Back 4

20 days

Front 5

Which protein markers is used in nursing homes an indicator?

Back 5

transferrin

Front 6

Which protein marker has a half life of 9 days?

Back 6

transferrin

Front 7

Which protein marker has a half-life of 2 and is a good indicator for short-term effects of nutritional therapy?

Back 7

transthyretin (prealbumin)

Front 8

Which protein transports Vitamin A and has a half-life of 12 hours?

Back 8

retinol-binding protein

Front 9

Which protein increases in renal failure?

Back 9

retinol-binding protein

Front 10

What is measured for fat?

Back 10

• total cholesterol
• triglycerides
  

Front 11

What is measured in carbohydrates?

Back 11

glucose

Hgb A1c

Front 12

What compounds are required for health and are supplied exogenously?

Back 12

vitamins

Front 13

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

Back 13

A, D, E and K

Front 14

T/F: Fat soluble vitamins are toxic in overuse.

Back 14

True

Front 15

Fat soluble vitamins are initially transported in _____________.

Back 15

chylomicrons

Front 16

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid are all forms of which vitamin?

Back 16

Vitamin A

Front 17

Which vitamin is needed for vision, growth and reproduction?

Back 17

Vitamin A

Front 18

Liver, fish oils, milk, butter, orange fruits and vegetables as well as green leafy vegetables are all sources for which vitamin?

Back 18

Vitamin A

Front 19

What is provitamin A?

Back 19

B-carotene

Front 20

Night blindness, corneal ulcers, and necrosis are all caused by the deficiency of which vitamin?

Back 20

Vitamin A

Front 21

Joint pain, hepatomegaly, and intracranial hypertension are all caused by the excess of which vitamin?

Back 21

Vitamin A

Front 22

T/F: marginal vitamin A deficiency cannot be determined by serum concentration

Back 22

True

Front 23

Which vitamin is produced on the skin upon exposure to sunlight and also found in milk?

Back 23

Vitamin D

Front 24

Which form of vitamin D is the active form?

Back 24

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Front 25

Which vitamin controls calcium and phosphate metabolism?

Back 25

Vitamin D

Front 26

If there is a vitamin D deficiency in children, it's called ____________.

Back 26

Rickets

Front 27

If there is a vitamin D deficiency in adults, it is called ___________.

Back 27

Osteomalacia

Front 28

Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria is caused by excess what?

Back 28

vitamin D

Front 29

This substance is assayed by immunoassay, HPLC, and LC-tandom mass spec.

Back 29

Vitamin D

Front 30

Tocopherols are also known as what?

Back 30

vitamin E

Front 31

Oils, wheat germ, grains and nuts are all sources of what?

Back 31

vitamin E

Front 32

Which vitamin is necessary for reproduction, and neurological funtions?

Back 32

vitamin E

Front 33

T/F: deficiency and toxicity of vitamin E is common

Back 33

False (rare)

Front 34

What is the major symptom of vitamin E deficiency?

Back 34

hemolytic anemia

Front 35

Which vitamin promotes blood clotting, and the conversion of several clotting factors?

Back 35

vitamin K

Front 36

Which vitamin is produced by the intestinal flora or from eating green vegetables, oils, dairy and eggs?

Back 36

vitamin K

Front 37

Patients with coumadin therapy, liver disease or antibiotic use is usually low in which vitamin?

Back 37

vitamin K

Front 38

When concentrations of vitamin K are low, the prothrombin time will increase/decrease.

Back 38

increase

Front 39

Newborns are low in vitamin ____ due to poor placental transfer.

Back 39

vitamin K

Front 40

T/F: Water soluble vitamins are retained less and excreted more in the urine than fat soluble vitamins so toxicity is usually not as much of a concern.

Back 40

True

Front 41

Which vitamin is important for decarboxylation reactions?

Back 41

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Front 42

Thiamine is also known as ...

Back 42

Vitamin B1

Front 43

Which condition is caused by the deficiency of Vitamin B1 (thiamine) that affects the nervous system (confusion and muscle weakness), enlarged heart and tachycardia?

Back 43

Beriberi

Front 44

Chronic alcoholism can lead to the deficiency of what vitamin?

Back 44

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Front 45

Erythrocyte transketolase is used in a functional enzymatic assay to detect which vitamin?

Back 45

Vitamin B1 (thiamine)

Front 46

Which vitamin is also known as Riboflavin?

Back 46

Vitamin B2

Front 47

Which vitamin is a component of FAD and FMN coenzymes, involved in redox reactions?

Back 47

Vitamin B2

Front 48

A deficiency in which vitamin will cause symptoms of sore throat, dermatitis, and anemia?

Back 48

Vitamin B2

Front 49

Glutathione reductase is used in an enzymatic functional enzyme to detect which vitamin?

Back 49

Vitamin B2

Front 50

Which vitamin is found in almost all foods, readily absorbed in the intestinal tract, and its deficiency is usually coupled with other vitamin deficiencies?

Back 50

Vitamin B6

Front 51

Which vitamin is also known as pyridoxine?

Back 51

Vitamin B6

Front 52

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia?

Back 52

Vitamin B6

Front 53

Which vitamin, when in high doses, causes peripheral neuropathy?

Back 53

Vitamin B6

Front 54

Which vitamin is also known as cobalamin?

Back 54

Vitamin B12

Front 55

The deficiency of which vitamin causes megaloblastic anemia and neuropathy?

Back 55

Vitamin B12

Front 56

Ascorbic acid is also known as ...

Back 56

vitamin C

Front 57

A deficiency of this vitamin will result in swollen joints, "osteoporosis" symptoms, and sudden heart failure. (Bonus: What is the disease called?)

Back 57

vitamin C (Scurvy)

Front 58

Patients who are elderly men, alcoholics, smokers, renal failure patients and some cancer patients are at risk for being deficiency in which vitamin?

Back 58

vitamin C

Front 59

The body requires more of this vitamin when stressed, inflammation, pregnant or oral contraceptives are used.

Back 59

vitamin C

Front 60

A deficiency in ___________ will cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, depression, scaly dermatitis, and anorexia.

Back 60

Biotin

Front 61

Patients who consume raw egg whites and who are on parenteral nutrition are most at risk at being deficient in ___________.

Back 61

Biotin

Front 62

The assay for detecting ________ involves blood digested with papain and inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum.

Back 62

Biotin

Front 63

A deficiency in _____________ will cause megaloblastic anemia. It is found in green leafy vegetables, fruits, yeast and organ meats. Pregnancy requires a high demand for this substance.

Back 63

Folic acid

Front 64

Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy increases risk of ...

Back 64

neural tube defects

Front 65

____________ is a component of NAD+ and NADP+ and is involved in redox reactions.

Back 65

Niacin

Front 66

___________ lowers triglycerides and raises HDL.

Back 66

Niacin

Front 67

An excess of __________ will cause flushing and tingling.

Back 67

Niacin

Front 68

A deficiency in Niacin will cause a condition called ___________, which is a chronic wasting disease.

Back 68

Pellegra

Front 69

____________ is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), required for fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism.

Back 69

pantothenic acid

Front 70

Although a deficiency in this substance is unlikely, hypotension, rapid heart rate, numbness in hands and feet are symptoms of the deficiency.

Back 70

pantothenic acid

Front 71

Inorganic elements found in low levels in the body tissues are called ...

Back 71

trace elements

Front 72

What are the trace elements?

Back 72

• Zinc
• Copper
• Selenium
• Chromium
  
• Molybdenum
• Manganese
  

Front 73

Ultra trace elements are found in ____/dL amounts

Back 73

ng

Front 74

T/F: Whole blood, serum, or plasma are most common specimens for trace element detection.

Back 74

True

Front 75

A patient's age, gender, ethnicity, time of day, time of sampling in relation to food intake, medications and tobacco usage all affect what?

Back 75

trace element concentrations

Front 76

Which method is sensitive enough the detection of iron, zinc and copper?

Back 76

spectrophotometric methods

Front 77

Which method is sensitive enough for copper and zinc detection in the serum?

Back 77

atomic absorption spectroscopy

Front 78

What is called the glucose tolerance factor?

Back 78

chromium

Front 79

A deficiency in _________ leads to

insulin-resistant glucose intolerance and increased cardiovascular disease

Back 79

chromium

Front 80

A high level of which substance is normally nontoxic due to high renal excretion but can cause renal and hepatic damage?

Back 80

chromium

Front 81

Which trace element plays a role in energy production, connective tissue formation, iron metabolism and CNS?

Back 81

copper

Front 82

A deficiency in which trace element leads to failure to thrive in infants, anemia and neutropenia?

Back 82

copper

Front 83

A high concentration of which trace element leads to deposits in the brain, eyes and kidneys, cause liver and cause neurological problems?

Back 83

copper

Front 84

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of _______ metabolism with toxic ________ concentrations.

Back 84

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of copper metabolism with toxic copper concentrations.

Front 85

Which trace element is second to iron as most abundant trace element?

Back 85

zinc

Front 86

Which trace element is a cofactor in metalloenzymes?

Back 86

zinc

Front 87

A deficiency in which trace element leads to depressed growth, decreased immune response (also seen in marginal deficiency)

Back 87

zinc

Front 88

A high concentration of which trace element leads to abdominal pain, nausea, and an ingestion of >60 mg/day can block intestinal absorption and also lead to copper depletion?

Back 88

zinc

Front 89

Which trace element is a component of glutathione peroxidase and may be associated with vitamin E?

Back 89

selenium

Front 90

A severe deficiency in which trace element can cause arthritis, cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, while a marginal deficiency can cause reduced immune function, thyroid disorders, increased anxiety, increased cancer incidence?

Back 90

Selenium

Front 91

High concentrations of which substance causes hair and nail damage?

Back 91

Selenium

Front 92

Which trace element is a component of metalloenzymes and is important for carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles?

Back 92

molybdenum

Front 93

T/F: The deficiency in molybdenum is generally not normally observed in normal diet and usually related to genetic disorder which results in early childhood death.

Back 93

True!

Front 94

Which trace element is a component of metalloenzymes, involved in growth and reproductive functions, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism?

Back 94

manganese

Front 95

A high concentration of which trace element causes neurological symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.

Back 95

manganese

Front 96

Infants or patients with liver disease can have problems due to failure to excrete which trace element in the bile?

Back 96

manganese

Front 97

Which trace element is part of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?

Back 97

cobalt

Front 98

T/F: Free cobalt has many uses in the body

Back 98

False: it has no use in the body

Front 99

T/F: Microflora of human intestine can use free cobalt to syntehsize cobalamine

Back 99

False

Front 100

T/F: Lead, cadmium, arsenic, aluminum, nickel, antimony, chromium, mercury, silver, thallium and platinum are all toxic elements

Back 100

true