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9 Cards in this Set

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What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

(“wet brain”): this is a thiamin-deficiency disease linked to alcohol excess and a thiamin-deficient diet. Alcohol reduces thiamin absorption in the gut and increases its excretion from the kidneys.




Symptoms of the disease include involuntary movement of the eyeball, paralysis of the eye muscle, staggering and mental confusion.

What is Keratinization


*Hint Vitamin A*

A vitamin A deficiency that leads to keratin to accumulate around the cornea.

What is xerosis/xerophthalmia




*Hint Vitamin A; starts from keratinization*

When the deficiency of keratinization is not corrected, it leads to xerosis (drying of the eyes). Xerosis, if not treated, leads to thickness and permanent blindness known as xerophthalmia.

What is Rickets?


*Vitamin D deficiency*

a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs.

What is osteomalacia?

It is a vitamin D deficiency within adults which leads to malformed teeth and muscle spasms.

Scurvy symptoms

It can attributed to the break down of collagen in the absence of vitamin C: loss of appetite, growth cessation, tenderness to touch , weakness, loose teeth, swollen ankles and wrists, and tiny red spots in the skin where blood has leaked out of the capillaries.

‘Wet’ and ‘dry’ beriberi

this is caused by thiamin deficiency and affects the cardiovascular, muscular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems.




As well as the above symptoms, a person with ‘dry’ beriberi suffers from a damaged nervous system due to the thiamin deficiency and may have nerve degeneration, nervous tingling throughout the body, poor arm and leg coordination, and deep pain in the calf muscles.




h Symptoms of ‘wet’ beriberi relate to the cardiovascular system and include an enlarged heart, heart failure and severe oedema (swelling).

Pellagara

a deficiency disease caused by a lack of niacin or its precursor tryptophan in the diet. It is characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and mental disturbance, and is often linked to over dependence on corn as a staple food.

Neural Tube Defect (NTD)

a group of abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord apparent at birth and caused by the interruption of the normal early development of the neural tube. It occurs when pregnant women are deficient in Folate.




Folate can be found in raw or lightly cooked vegetables.