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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
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No! the are absorbed into the lymph.
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Where are the excess fat-soluble vitamins stored?
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Excess is stored in liver and adipose tissue.
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Is toxicity a problem in fat-soluble vitamins?
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Yes, due to the excess being stored rather than being excreted.
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What are the three vitamin A forms?
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Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic Acid.
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Which Vitamin A regulates growth?
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Retinoic Acid.
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Which vitamin A supports reproduction?
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Retinol.
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Which vitamin A is supports vision?
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Retinal.
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What is considered a precursor for Vitamin A?
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Beta-carotene.
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What picks up vitamin A from the liver and carries it to the blood?
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Retinal Binding Protein.
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Where is retinal found in the eyes?
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In the photoreceptors in the retina.
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How does retinal create nerve impulses in the eyes?
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Retinal absorbs the light which causes a change in opsin that results in nerve impulses.
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What is night blindness a sign of?
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Vitamin A deficiency.
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What other roles does Vitamin A play?
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Promotes healthy epithelial tissue, promotes healthy sperm development, promotes normal fetal development, and healthy bone growth.
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What is the term for blindness cause by prolonged vitamin A deficiency?
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Xerophthalmia.
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What is the overall term for what toxicity of vitamin A causes?
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Teratogenic risk (malformation w/high vitamin A intake).
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Where are some places that you might find vitamin A?
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Leafy greens, orange and yellow pigmented veggies, and milk.
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What is beta-carotene?
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The pigment in orange and yellow veggies.
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An individual that presents with orange/yellow skin might have what?
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Vitamin A toxicity. Skin is orange/yellow due to high levels of beta-carotene.
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What is vitamin D needed for?
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Calcium absorption and bone formation and growth.
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What vitamin can be synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight?
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Vitamin D.
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What organs convert vitamin D to its active form?
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Liver and kidneys.
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Where might you find vitamin D?
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Natural sunlight, milk and dairy products that are fortified.
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Rickets is a bone disorder in young children due to what?
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Vitamin D deficiency. The bones fail to properly ossify and harden.
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What other problem is caused by a vitamin D deficiency?
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Osteoporosis (bone breakdown is greater than bone formation).
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Kidney stones can be caused by what?
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Vitamin D toxicity.
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What is the term for unstable molecules that can attach/attack DNA and damage it?
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Free radicals.
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What is vitamin E's main role?
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Acting as an antioxidant.
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As an antioxidant, vitamin E does what?
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Protects cell membranes from damage and protects against heart disease and cancer.
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Where can vitamin E be found?
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Oils - veggie oil, seed oil, nut oil.
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How often do you see a vitamin E deficiency?
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Pretty rarely.
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What makes Vitamin K so special?
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It is made by bacteria in the digestive tract.
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Green leafy veggies contain a good source or what vitamin?
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Vitamin K!
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Did you know that Vitamin K is needed for proper blood clotting?
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Now you do!
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What disease is caused in newborns when they are deficient in vitamin K and cannot properly blood clot if there is an injury?
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Hemorrhagic disease.
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What is a plant derived chemical that has potential health benefits called?
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A phytochemical.
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Name three phytochemicals and where they can be found.
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1. Lycopene - tomatoes (helps prevent prostate cancer)
2. Resveratrol - grapes (helps prevent heart disease) 3. Phytoestrogen - soybeans (hormone therapy) |