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36 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed directly into the bloodstream?
No! the are absorbed into the lymph.
Where are the excess fat-soluble vitamins stored?
Excess is stored in liver and adipose tissue.
Is toxicity a problem in fat-soluble vitamins?
Yes, due to the excess being stored rather than being excreted.
What are the three vitamin A forms?
Retinol, Retinal, Retinoic Acid.
Which Vitamin A regulates growth?
Retinoic Acid.
Which vitamin A supports reproduction?
Retinol.
Which vitamin A is supports vision?
Retinal.
What is considered a precursor for Vitamin A?
Beta-carotene.
What picks up vitamin A from the liver and carries it to the blood?
Retinal Binding Protein.
Where is retinal found in the eyes?
In the photoreceptors in the retina.
How does retinal create nerve impulses in the eyes?
Retinal absorbs the light which causes a change in opsin that results in nerve impulses.
What is night blindness a sign of?
Vitamin A deficiency.
What other roles does Vitamin A play?
Promotes healthy epithelial tissue, promotes healthy sperm development, promotes normal fetal development, and healthy bone growth.
What is the term for blindness cause by prolonged vitamin A deficiency?
Xerophthalmia.
What is the overall term for what toxicity of vitamin A causes?
Teratogenic risk (malformation w/high vitamin A intake).
Where are some places that you might find vitamin A?
Leafy greens, orange and yellow pigmented veggies, and milk.
What is beta-carotene?
The pigment in orange and yellow veggies.
An individual that presents with orange/yellow skin might have what?
Vitamin A toxicity. Skin is orange/yellow due to high levels of beta-carotene.
What is vitamin D needed for?
Calcium absorption and bone formation and growth.
What vitamin can be synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight?
Vitamin D.
What organs convert vitamin D to its active form?
Liver and kidneys.
Where might you find vitamin D?
Natural sunlight, milk and dairy products that are fortified.
Rickets is a bone disorder in young children due to what?
Vitamin D deficiency. The bones fail to properly ossify and harden.
What other problem is caused by a vitamin D deficiency?
Osteoporosis (bone breakdown is greater than bone formation).
Kidney stones can be caused by what?
Vitamin D toxicity.
What is the term for unstable molecules that can attach/attack DNA and damage it?
Free radicals.
What is vitamin E's main role?
Acting as an antioxidant.
As an antioxidant, vitamin E does what?
Protects cell membranes from damage and protects against heart disease and cancer.
Where can vitamin E be found?
Oils - veggie oil, seed oil, nut oil.
How often do you see a vitamin E deficiency?
Pretty rarely.
What makes Vitamin K so special?
It is made by bacteria in the digestive tract.
Green leafy veggies contain a good source or what vitamin?
Vitamin K!
Did you know that Vitamin K is needed for proper blood clotting?
Now you do!
What disease is caused in newborns when they are deficient in vitamin K and cannot properly blood clot if there is an injury?
Hemorrhagic disease.
What is a plant derived chemical that has potential health benefits called?
A phytochemical.
Name three phytochemicals and where they can be found.
1. Lycopene - tomatoes (helps prevent prostate cancer)
2. Resveratrol - grapes (helps prevent heart disease)
3. Phytoestrogen - soybeans (hormone therapy)