Nutrition Test 3

Front 1

What is a vitamin?

Back 1

An essential, noncaloric, organic nutrient needed in tiny amounts in the diet

Front 2

What vitamins are fat soluble?

Back 2

Vitamins A, D, G, and K

Front 3

What vitamins are water soluble?

Back 3

B vitamins and vitamin C

Front 4

How are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

Back 4

First into lymph then into the blood

Front 5

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Back 5

Straight into the blood

Front 6

How are fat soluble vitamins excreted?

Back 6

They're not readily excreted, they build up in the tissues

Front 7

How are water soluble vitamins excreted?

Back 7

Urine

Front 8

What is the toxicity of fat soluble vitamins?

Back 8

Some toxicity from supplements not usually in food.

Front 9

What is the toxicity of water soluble vitamins?

Back 9

Toxicity is unlikely but possible with high doses of supplements

Front 10

How often do we need fat soluble vitamins?

Back 10

Periodic doses (weeks or months)

Front 11

How often do we need water soluble vitamins?

Back 11

Frequent doses (1 to 3 days)

Front 12

Characteristics of fat soluble vitamins

Back 12

1. A, D, E, and K

2. Food sources

3. Toxicity

4. Do not need to be consumed everyday

Front 13

Characteristics of vitamin A

Back 13

1. Precursor- Beta Carotene

2. Three active forms in the body

(retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid)

3. Food sources

(animals and plants)

Front 14

Chief functions of Vitamin A

Back 14

1. Vision

2. Maintenance of cornea

3. Epithelial cells, mucous

4. Bone and tooth growth

5. Reproduction

6. Immunity

Front 15

Roles of Vitamin A

Back 15

1.Eyesight- process of light perception and maintenance of healthy cornea

Front 16

Deficiency of Vitamin A

Back 16

1. Night blindness

2. Xerophalmia and blindness

3. Gene regulation

4. Cell differernatiation

Front 17

More Deficiencies of vitamin A

Back 17

Immune function- Downward spiral of malnutrition and infection, measles

growth- bone and teeth

Front 18

Vitamin A toxicity

Back 18

Can get toxicants from supplements or fortified foods

The high risk groups are children and pregnant women

Recommendations are based on body weight

Front 19

DRI Recommended Intake of Vitamin A

Back 19

Men= 900mg/day

Women= 700mg/day

Front 20

Good sources of vitamin A

Back 20

Carrots, sweet potatoes, fortified milk, beef liver, spinach, apricots

Front 21

Characteristics of Vitamin D

Back 21

1. Can synthesize all it needs (sunlight)

2. Overall drop in blood vitamin D levels over the past decade (obesity, indoors, sunscreen use)

Front 22

Roles of vitamin D

Back 22

1. Calcium regulation (acts at three locations to raise calcium levels)

2. Hormone- acts at genetic level

Front 23

Vitamin D Deficiency

Back 23

1. Rickets

2. Osteomalacia

3. Osteoporosis

4. Groups to be concerned- Overweight and obese, lacking sunlight, dark skinned people, breastfeeding infants

Front 24

Too Much Vitamin D

Back 24

Potentially most toxic vitamin

1. Increases blood calcium concentrates (kidney and heart failure)

Front 25

Vitamin D from sunlight

Back 25

Ultraviolet rays

1. Cholesterol compound

2. Role of liver and kidneys

Factors that could interfere with vitamin D synthesis

1. Liver and Kidney disease

2. Skin pigment

Front 26

DRI recommendation for vitamin D

Back 26

BASED ON AGE!!

19-70 yrs= 15mg/day

> 70 yrs= 20mg/day

Front 27

Good sources of vitamin D

Back 27

Enriched cereal, sardines, salmone, tuna

Front 28

Characteristics of vitamin E

Back 28

1. Tocopherosis (alpha-tocopherol and beta, gamma, delta)

Front 29

Roles of vitamin E

Back 29

ANTIOXIDANTS (A, E, C Selenium)- inflammation

Front 30

Deficiency of Vitamin E

Back 30

Fat malabsorption, liver disease, pancreas, premature babies, erythrocyte hemolysis

Front 31

Toxicity of Vitamin E

Back 31

1. Augument effects of anticlotting medication

2. Proclotting time

3. Dietary intakes vs. Supplemental intake

Front 32

What does augument mean?

Back 32

Increase or enhance

Front 33

DRI Recommendation for vitamin E

Back 33

Adults=15mg/day

Front 34

Roles of vitamin K

Back 34

Blood clotting

bone protein

warfarin

intestinal bacteria

Front 35

Vitamin K deficiency & Toxicity

Back 35

Newborn infants

Antibiotics

Toxicity levels create jaundice

Front 36

DRI recommendations for vitamin K

Back 36

Men=120 micrograms/day

Women= 90 Micrograms/day

Front 37

Characteristics of WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

Back 37

They dissolve in water

1. absorption

2. transport

3. excretion

You get them from

1. food

2. Supplements

Front 38

Vitamin C roles

Back 38

Connective tissue- Collagen, Carnitine

Antioxidant- Protects iron, high concentrates

Front 39

Vitamin C deficiency

Back 39

Scury

smokers

Front 40

DRI recommendations for vitamin C

Back 40

Men= 90mg/day

Women= 70mg/day

Front 41

Where do you get vitamin C from?

Back 41

Fruits, vegetables, bell peppers, orange juice

Front 42

The B vitamins in Unison

Back 42

Function as a part of coenzymes

1. combines with enzyme to activate it

roles in metabolism

cell multiplication

Front 43

Vitamin B Deficiencies

Back 43

Every cell is affected

Symptoms

rarely isolated deficiencies

normal tongue is pink while deficient tongue lost color and smooth

Front 44

Thiamin or B1

Back 44

Energy metabolism of all cells

nerve cell membrane

Men= 1.2g/day

Women= 1.1g/day

Front 45

Good sources of Thiamin

Back 45

Enriched cereals, porkchops

Front 46

Riboflavin or B2

Back 46

Role in energy metabolism of all cells

deficiencies are often masked by thiamin deficiency

Men=1.2g/day

Women= 1.1g/day

Front 47

Good sources of Riboflavin

Back 47

Milk, cottage cheese, yogurt

Front 48

Niacin or B3

Back 48

Participates in energy metabolism

Deficiency= "4 D's"

Toxicity

1. Physician administration blood lips

2. Niacin fluse

Front 49

Good sources of Niacin and DRI recommendations

Back 49

Good sources= Poultry and pork, enriched cereal

men=16mg/day

women= 14mg/day

Front 50

Folate or B4

Back 50

New cells, tissues, neural tube development

Outcome of deficiency- anemia, diminished immunity, cancer risk

Front 51

Folate and birth defects

Back 51

Neural tube defects (NTD)

Toxicity masks b12 deficiency

Front 52

DRI Intake for folate & Good sources

Back 52

Adults= 400 micro/day

Dark veggies, liver, beans

Front 53

Vitamin B12

Back 53

Closely related to folate

Maintenance of sheaths around nerve fibers

B12 deficiencies

pernicious anemia

damaged nerves

Front 54

Vitamin B12 absorption

Back 54

intrinsic factor= unique to b12

Front 55

Vitamin B12 Recommendation & good sources

Back 55

adults= 2.4 MG/day

Sardines, cottage cheese, and steak

Front 56

Vitamin B6

Back 56

Participates in over 100 reactions

converts AA's into nonessential AA's

Front 57

Vitamin B6 Recommendation and good sources

Back 57

Adults= 1.3 mg/day

good sources= banana, baked potato