Nutrition Test 1

Front 1

What is nutrition?

Back 1

Study of how food and nutrients interact with the human body

Front 2

wut is a Diet

Back 2

The food we eat to obtain nutrients necessary to sustain life

Front 3

Metric

Back 3

Gram, Meter, Liter: key base units in nutrition

Front 4

US Customary measurement system

Back 4

Ounce, pound, cup, gallon, teaspoon, tablespoon, etc.

Front 5

Definition of an Essential Nutrient

Back 5

Must be obtained from your diet,Body cannot make them at all, Body cannot make them in adequate amounts,Required for normal body function

Front 6

Basic List of Essential Nutrients

Back 6

Water, Vitamins, Minerals,Some Fatty Acids – ω3 and ω6 fatty acids
Some Amino Acids – our bodies can synthesize some amino acids

Front 7

What are examples of lipids, how many kcal in a gram, what is its basic unit? Are they triglycerides and what is a triglycerides?

Back 7

EX: Fats and oils,Energy = 9 kcal/gram, Basic unit is fatty acid, Most lipids are triglycerides and triglycerides are 3 glucose molecules bond together.

Front 8

What are examples of sources of protein? how man kcal per gram, and what is its basic unit?

Back 8

Sources: meat, fish, dairy, nuts
Energy = 4 kcal /gram
Basic unit = amino acid

Front 9

is alcohol a nutrient, is there a need for it, and how many kcal per gram?

Back 9

The other source of energy
NOT A NUTRIENT!!!!!
There is no dietary need for alcohol
Energy = 7 kcal/gram

Front 10

What are examples of Vitamins, how many kcal per gram, why does the body require it?

Back 10

EX: vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin...
0 kcal/gram
Organic compounds
Required so body can use energy and nutrients

Front 11

What are examples of Minerals, how many kcal per gram? why does the body require it?

Back 11

EX: iron, calcium, potassium…
0 kcal/gram
Inorganic compounds
Required for metabolic processes and structure

Front 12

what are macronutrients examples?

Back 12

carbs + protein + fat + water

Front 13

What are examples of micronutrients?

Back 13

vitamins + minerals

Front 14

what are two was to classify nutrients?

Back 14

Growth and development
Regulating body metabolism
Chemical reactions in the body

Front 15

how much percent of water are we made up of?

Back 15

84%

Front 16

How much percent of carbs are we made up of?

Back 16

11%

Front 17

how much percent of protein are we made up of?

Back 17

3%

Front 18

how much percent of lipids are we made of?

Back 18

2%

Front 19

what makes food healthy?

Back 19

Nutrient density
Comparison of nutrient with energy in specific food

Front 20

what is the equation for determining the nutrient density?

Back 20

amount of nutrient (g or mg) divided by amount of energy (kcal)= nutrient density (g or mg/kcal)

Front 21

what makes up an organism?

Back 21

atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Front 22

what is an organ system?

Back 22

A group of organs that perform an overall function

Front 23

what are the organ systems?

Back 23

Digestive aka gastrointestinal
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Urinary

Front 24

what is digestion?

Back 24

Large molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down into small molecules

Front 25

what is Absorption?

Back 25

Substances are taken up from the GI tract and enter the blood or lymph

Front 26

what is the acidic , neutral and basic levels of the PH scale?

Back 26

Scale of 1-14,7 = neutral

Front 27

what are enzymes and what do they do? and what are examples of them?

Back 27

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions,Break down nutrient molecules, Usually end in –ase
Protease, lipase, amylase

Front 28

what are the organ systems?

Back 28

Digestive aka gastrointestinal
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
Urinary

Front 29

what is digestion?

Back 29

Large molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down into small molecules

Front 30

what is Absorption?

Back 30

Substances are taken up from the GI tract and enter the blood or lymph

Front 31

what is the acidic , neutral and basic levels of the PH scale?

Back 31

Scale of 1-14,7 = neutral

Front 32

what are enzymes and what do they do? and what are examples of them?

Back 32

Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions,Break down nutrient molecules, Usually end in –ase
Protease, lipase, amylase

Front 33

what is the process of where the food goes in the digestive system?

Back 33

Salivary Glands, Pharynx, Esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, Gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, anus

Front 34

what is the length of time food is in each part of the digestive system and what is the size of each organ?

Back 34

esophugus=10 inch tube, stomic=2-4 hours 1 leter in capsity, small intestine=3-10 hours Duodenum 10 in. Jejunum 4 ft. Ileum 5 ft, large intestine=up to 72 hours 3.5 ft.

Front 35

what is the movement, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the mouth?

Back 35

Chewing,Saliva Amylase, no absorption

Front 36

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the esophagus?

Back 36

Peristalsis Connects mouth and stomach, does not secrete or have enzymes and no absorption

Front 37

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the stomach?

Back 37

movement: Mixing, Peristalsis breaking down food
Secretions/Enzymes: Gastric acid
Proteases, absorbs some Some water Alcohol

Front 38

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Small Intestine?

Back 38

movements: Peristalsis Segmentation. Secretions/Enzymes
: Bile
CHO-enzymes Lipase Protease
Bicarbonate
Absorption: Most water Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino acids
Vitamins
Minerals
Alcohol

Front 39

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Large intestine?

Back 39

movement: Peristalsis
Segmentation. secretion/enzymes:Bacteria live here!
absorption:Water, Minerals,
Bacterial products

Front 40

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Rectum?

Back 40

movement: Peristalsis “Mass movement”
Defecation
no secretion/enzymes or absorption

Front 41

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Liver?

Back 41

movement: none secretion/enzymes:bile
absorption:none

Front 42

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Gall Bladder?

Back 42

movement: none secretion/enzymes:Stores the bile
absorption:none

Front 43

what is the movment, Secretions/Enzymes, and Absorption
of the Pancreas?

Back 43

no movements or absorption, Secretions/
Enzymes:Bicarbonate,
Enzymes for CHO, fat, protein

Front 44

what is Peristalsis?

Back 44

Muscle contractions that move food
through the GI tract

Front 45

what are the purposes of Sphincters?

Back 45

Control flow (like valves)
Keeps things in/out
Prevents acid reflux (top of stomach)
Controls stomach emptying (bottom of stomach)
Prevents bacteria in Large Intestine from going into Small Intestine (end of small intestine)
Controls defecation (end of the GIT)

Front 46

what is a Gastric Juice made out of and what does it do?

Back 46

Water + Mucus + Acid (HCl) + Enzymes
Destroys activity of protein (unfolds protein strands)
Activates digestive enzymes
Partially digests dietary protein (pepsin)

Front 47

what is Chyme and where is it created?

Back 47

mixture of gastric juice + food
created in the stomach

Front 48

what does mucus do?

Back 48

Protects stomach cells from acid & pepsin

Front 49

what do the villi do?

Back 49

they increase the surface area of the small intestine so that it can absorb nutrients.

Front 50

what is the process of absorption?

Back 50

Simple diffusion>Osmosis>Facilitated
Diffusion>Active Transport

Front 51

What’s in a stool?

Back 51

Stool = feces = poop
Main components
Bacteria (45-55% is bacteria!)
Water
Undigested fiber
Other stuff
Cholesterol, bile

Front 52

what is the role of bacteria in health?

Back 52

Break down foods we can’t digest
Fiber, some protein, some fats
Gives us another source of energy
Produce some vitamins

Front 53

what are other functions of the liver and the pancreas (accessory organs)?

Back 53

Liver:
Stores carbohydrate
Detoxifier (drugs, alcohol, other toxins)
Pancreas:
Produces insulin and glucagon
Maintains blood sugar concentrations

Front 54

whats in the Cardiovascular system and what does it do?

Back 54

Made of heart, blood vessels, blood
Transports nutrients and wastes, reg. body temperature

Front 55

what does the Portal circulation (hepatic portal vein) do?

Back 55

System that carries blood from intestines to liver

Front 56

what does the Pulmonary system
do?

Back 56

Heart to lungs (to exchange O2 and CO2) to heart

Front 57

what is the lymphatic system consist of and do?

Back 57

No pump!
Made of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, other lymph organs
Fluid (lymph) carries wastes, bacteria, lipids, and some vitamins (fat soluble)
Lacteals carry lymph away from cells
Lymph vessels empty into blood vessels

Front 58

what are the Excretory System Components?

Back 58

Urinary system:
kidneys – water soluble waste

Digestive system:
large intestine – solid waste

Integumentary system:
Skin – loss of H2O, minerals, etc.

Respiratory system:
Lungs – CO2, H2O, alcohol

Front 59

what are the components of the Urinary System and its function?

Back 59

Function
Removes wastes from circulatory system, regulates blood components
Kidneys
Filter blood and remove wastes
Form urine
Bladder
Stores urine until elimination

Front 60

what is the Role of Nutrients in digestion/absorption?

Back 60

Fats take the longest time to digest
Protein and fiber make us feel full
Some carbohydrates are digested and absorbed immediately

Front 61

how do u decrease the risk of Colorectal cancer?

Back 61

phytochemicals
Fruits, vegetables, whole grains

Front 62

what are Peptic Ulcers caused by, the treatment and symptoms?

Back 62

Causes
Helicobacter pylori, aspirin, excessive acid production
Symptoms
Pain 2 hours after eating
Treatment
Antibiotics
Antacid

Front 63

Defining Healthy Body Weight?

Back 63

Body composition
proportions of muscle, bone, fat, and other tissue that make up a person’s total body weight

Body weight = fat + lean tissue (including water)

Front 64

what is Body Mass Index (BMI)
and how do you figure it out?

Back 64

Body wt in kg / height in m2

Basic comparison of weight to height
Inaccurate for people with lots of lean muscle mass

Front 65

What are the BMI calculations for knowing weather your obese, healthy or not you are?

Back 65

Underweight <18.5
Healthy 18.5-24.9
Overweight 25-29.9
Obese 30-39.9
Extreme (Morbidly) Obese >40