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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the array of conditions that affect the heart and the blood vessels
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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narrowing of the peripheral blood vessels.
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Peripheral Vascular Disease
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condition in which a blood vessel that feeds the brain ruptures or is clogged, leading to blood flow disruption to the brain
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Stroke
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condition in which the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, such as cholesterol and triglycerides
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Coronary Heart Disease
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A procedure in which a ballon-tipped catheter is inserted, then inflated, to widen the inner lumen of the artery
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Angioplasty
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cholesterol-transporting molecule in the blood (good cholesterol) that helps clear cholesterol from the blood.
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high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
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cholesterol-transporting molecule in the blood (bad cholesterol) that tends to increase blood cholesterol.
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low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
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A recording of the electrical activity of the heart
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Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
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heart muscle
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Myocardium
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A wavy substance found in only animal fats and oil. used in making cell membranes, in the fatty sheath around nerve fibers, and other necessary substances,
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Cholesterol
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Cholesterol and triglycerides
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Blood lipids (fats)
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heart attack
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Myocardial infraction
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chest pains associated with coronary heart disease
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Angina pectoris
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Fats formed by glycerol and 23 fatty acids; also called free fatty acids
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Triglycerides
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Amino acids, that when allowed to accumulate in the blood, may lead to plaque formation and blockage of arteries
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Homocysteine
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A disease in which the body doesn’t produce or utilize insulin properly
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Diabetes mellitus
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A measure of force exerted against the walls of the vessels by the blood flowing through them
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Blood pressure
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Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contractions of the heart
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Systolic blood pressure
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Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during relaxation phase of the heart
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Diastolic blood pressure
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Chronically elevated blood pressure
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Hypertension
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Low blood pressure
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Hypotension
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Irregular heart rhythms
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Arrhythmias
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Coronary heart disease stroke
Peripheral vascular disease congenital heart disease Rheumatic heart disease atherosclerosis High blood pressure congestive heart failure |
Examples of Cardiovascular diseases
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Age: increased risk after age 55
Gender: higher risk in men Race: African Americans are at greater risk Family: history |
Unchangeable Factors
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Tobacco: stop!
Blood pressure: maintain in normal range Diet: decrease fat and sodium consumption and increase intake of potassium, fruits, and vegetables Activity level: increase frequency and intensity Weight: maintain within recommended range Cholesterol: maintain normal levels Diabetes: prevent or manage condition |
Manageable Factors
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Increase cardiorespiratory endurance
Decrease and control blood pressure Reduce body fat Lower blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) Improved HDL Prevent and help control diabetes Decrease low-grade inflammation in the body Improved and maintain good heart function Counteract a personal history of heart disease |
Physical activity and aerobic exercise benefits
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