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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
the array of conditions that affect the heart and the blood vessels
Cardiovascular Diseases
narrowing of the peripheral blood vessels.
Peripheral Vascular Disease
condition in which a blood vessel that feeds the brain ruptures or is clogged, leading to blood flow disruption to the brain
Stroke
condition in which the arteries that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients are narrowed by fatty deposits, such as cholesterol and triglycerides
Coronary Heart Disease
A procedure in which a ballon-tipped catheter is inserted, then inflated, to widen the inner lumen of the artery
Angioplasty
cholesterol-transporting molecule in the blood (good cholesterol) that helps clear cholesterol from the blood.
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol-transporting molecule in the blood (bad cholesterol) that tends to increase blood cholesterol.
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart
Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
heart muscle
Myocardium
A wavy substance found in only animal fats and oil. used in making cell membranes, in the fatty sheath around nerve fibers, and other necessary substances,
Cholesterol
Cholesterol and triglycerides
Blood lipids (fats)
heart attack
Myocardial infraction
chest pains associated with coronary heart disease
Angina pectoris
Fats formed by glycerol and 23 fatty acids; also called free fatty acids
Triglycerides
Amino acids, that when allowed to accumulate in the blood, may lead to plaque formation and blockage of arteries
Homocysteine
A disease in which the body doesn’t produce or utilize insulin properly
Diabetes mellitus
A measure of force exerted against the walls of the vessels by the blood flowing through them
Blood pressure
Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contractions of the heart
Systolic blood pressure
Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during relaxation phase of the heart
Diastolic blood pressure
Chronically elevated blood pressure
Hypertension
Low blood pressure
Hypotension
Irregular heart rhythms
Arrhythmias
Coronary heart disease stroke
Peripheral vascular disease congenital heart disease
Rheumatic heart disease atherosclerosis
High blood pressure congestive heart failure
Examples of Cardiovascular diseases
Age: increased risk after age 55
Gender: higher risk in men
Race: African Americans are at greater risk
Family: history
Unchangeable Factors
Tobacco: stop!
Blood pressure: maintain in normal range
Diet: decrease fat and sodium consumption and increase intake of potassium,
fruits, and vegetables
Activity level: increase frequency and intensity
Weight: maintain within recommended range
Cholesterol: maintain normal levels
Diabetes: prevent or manage condition
Manageable Factors
Increase cardiorespiratory endurance
Decrease and control blood pressure
Reduce body fat
Lower blood lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides)
Improved HDL
Prevent and help control diabetes
Decrease low-grade inflammation in the body
Improved and maintain good heart function
Counteract a personal history of heart disease
Physical activity and aerobic exercise benefits