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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common sites for bone fractures in individuals with osteoporosis
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vertabral column, wrist, hip
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Primary osteoporosis cause
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estrogen deficiency
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What is the most common medication induced form of secondary osteoporosis?
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glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis
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What diseases can cause secondary osteoporosis?
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1)genetic
2)hypogonadal 3)endocrine 4)GI 5)hematologic 6)rheumatic 7)alcoholism, MS, etc. |
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What are the major risk factors for osteoporosis?
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1)diet
2)estrogen depletion 3)inactivity/exercise ALL MODIFIABLE |
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One cup of milk provides how much calcium
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300mg
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Recommended calcium intake levels for the following:
adolescents 9-18 yo |
1300mg/day
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adults 19-50
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1000mg/day
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adults >50
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1200mg/day
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pregnant/nursing <19 yo
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1300mg/day
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pregnant/nursing 19-50 yo
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1000mg/day
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Potential problems associated with calcium carbonates use include...
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1)GI discomfot/constipation
2)poor absorption in absence of stomach acid (achlorhydria) |
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What types of calcium supplements are more soluble and may be more suitable for individuals with achlorhydria?
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phosphate and citrate salts of calcium
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proportion of calcium contained in carbonate supplements, phosphate preparations, and citrate prepartions
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40%; 17%; 24%
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how much daily exposure to sunlight is needed to acheive sufficient synthesis of vitamin D?
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5-15mins during 10am-3pm
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Data tend to support the idea that _______ intake is associated with increased BMD and decreased risk of fractures
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high protein
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MOA of protein in increasing BMD and decreasing fracture risk
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1)amino acids-enhance absorption of calcium from GI tract
2)increaed IGF-1-promotes bone formation 3)decrease in urinary N-telopeptide-marker of bone resorption |
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There has been some concerns expressed that consumption of large amounts of ______ may detrimentally affect male fertility.
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soy isoflavones
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This is essential for post-translational modification of a group of bone associated proteins termed "bone GIa proteins" including OSTEOCALCIN
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Vitamin K
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Results from several different types of studies tend to suggest a detrimental effect of _________ on bone health.
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vitamin A (retinol)
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_____ has a calciuretic effect (increases calcium loss in the urine)
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Sodium (in the form of salt)
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Effect of dietary sodium on calcium homeostatsis
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1)adequate dietary calcium intake = adaptive increase in calcium absorption from intestine
2)lower calcium intake = increased bone resorption due to not being fully compensated for |
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Adequate intake of _______ can offset the salt-induced calciuresis
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potassium
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Detrimental effects of this include increased hepatic conversion of estradiol to inactive metabolites, earlier menopause, decreased absorption of calcium from the intestine, altered vitamin D metabolism, and direct toxic effects on bone cells
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smoking
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Effect of alcohol on BMD
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1)moderate alcohol consumption has been associated w/ increased BMD
2)chronic alcohol abuse suppresses bone formation by inhibiting osteoblast function |
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______ and ______ seem to have little effect on bone health in healthy women.
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pregnancy and lactation
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The effects of _______ on bone health are currently uncertain
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oral contraceptives
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Although estrogen replacement therapy is effective in preventing loss of bone-mass, the results from studies demonstrating what limit its potential usefullness in the prevention of osteoporosis?
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heart disease, coagulopathy, dementia
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Naturally occuring compounds that exhibit similar SERM activity as raloxifene
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genistein found in soybeans and soy products
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MOA of bisphosphonates
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1)bind to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone w/ high affinity which inhibits bone resorption
2)also thought to have a direct inhibitory effect on osteoclast activity |
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This is a peptide hormone that inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption
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Calcitonin
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This agent promotes synthesis of new bone and reduces risk for fractures in postmenopausal women
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teriparatide (injectable form of human parathyroid hormone)
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