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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrition |
The sum of all processes involved in taking in nutrients & using them to maintain body tissue & provide energy. |
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Essential Nutrients |
Body cannot make for good health so need to obtain through diet. Carbs, Fats, Protein, Vitamins, Minerals, water. Provide energy, build & repair tissue, regulate body processes. |
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Nutrient |
A chemical compound or element found in food that is necessary for good health. |
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Carbohydrates |
Promote normal fat metabolism, spare protein, enhance lower GI function. |
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Proteins |
Build & repair body tissues, regulate fluid balance, maintain acid base balance, produce antibodies, provide energy, & produce enzymes & hormones. |
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Fat Soluble |
Vitamin A, D, E, & K Stored in the body, excess is toxic. |
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Water Soluble |
Folic Acid, Vitamins B & C, Niacin. Not stored in body. Excreted in the urine. |
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Vitamins |
Facilitate metabolism of proteins, carbs, & fats. Acts as catalyst for metabolic functions. Promote life & growth processes, maintain & regulate body functions. |
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Full Liquid diet is deficient in what? |
Protein & fat |
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Mechanical diet |
Minimal chewing.
Used for pt with: - dental problems - surgery of head or neck - dysphagia. |
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Sodium intake for 51 & older |
Less than 1500mg |
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Saccharides |
Simple sugars |
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Monosaccharides |
Glucose, Fructose, Galactose. One sugar unit. Require no digestion. Absorbed directly into the blood. |
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Disaccharides |
Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose. Made of 2 sugar units. Reduced by hydrolysis into monosaccharides before being absorbed. |
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Polysaccharides |
Starch, Glycogen, Dietary Fiber. Made up of long chains of glucose units. All carbs break down into simple sugars when digested. |
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Glycogen |
AKA Animal starch. Stored form of carbs in the liver & muscles of the body. Used when blood glucose level is low. |
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Complications of TPN |
- Sepsis - Pneumothorax - Hemothorax - Phlebitis - Thrombosis - Fluid & electrolyte Imbalances - Hyperglycemia or Hypoglycemia - Metabolic disturbances - Bone disturbances |
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Vitamin C Sources |
- Citrus fruits & juices - Broccoli - Peppers - Tomatoes - Potatoes - Fortified beverages |
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Calcium Sources |
- Milk & cheese - Green leafy vegetables - Fish with bones - Fortified cereals |
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Sources of Iron |
- Clams, Oysters, Fish - Poultry - Whole Grains - Legumes |
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Sources of Potassium |
- Sweet Potatoes - Fruits and vegetables - Fresh meat - Milk |
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Complete Proteins |
- Meats - Poultry - Fish - Milk & cheese & soy |
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Incomplete Proteins |
- Grains - Legumes - Nuts - Seeds |
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Nutritional Risk Among Adolescents |
- Iron & Calcium deficiency - Folic acid & vitamin A & B deficiency |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
An eating disorder characterized by self imposed starvation, typically develops in adolescence. |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
Eating disorder characterized by binge(excessive) eating followed by purging or other inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain. Signs & Symptoms: - Depression, substance abuse, OCD. - Tooth erosion - Calloused knuckles - Swollen parotid (Salivary) glands - Broken blood vessels in face - Esophageal & sinus infection from vomiting. |
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Low-Residue Diet |
- Strong spices are avoided - Ground meats - Pureed fruits & vegetables - MILK RESTRICTED |
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Soft Diet |
Used for people with conditions affected the GI tract: (Acute diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, gastritis, esophageal varices, indigestion, diarrhea)
- Low in fiber - Strong spices are avoided - Ground meats - Pureed fruits & vegetables - Supplements may be added |
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Low-Fat Diet |
Limited on total fat, saturated fat, & trans fatty acids. Prevents & treats: - Atherosclerosis (cholesterol & fat in artery walls) - Heart disease - Hyperlipidemia (elevated levels of blood lipids) |
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Fat-Controlled Diet |
Severe fat restriction. (25g/day) Treats: - Diarrhea - Steatorrhea - Flatulence - Diseases of Hepatobiliary tract, pancreas, intestinal mucosa, & lymphatic system. |
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Hyperemesis Gravidarum Nutritional Treatment |
(Morning Sickness) - Eat dry grain products before getting out of bed - 5 or 6 meals that include protein per day - Avoid empty stomach - Drink before and after meals to avoid feeling full - Avoid high-fat & fried foods - Avoid strong odor foods |
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Clear Liquid Diet |
Nonirritating, easily digested, little residue in GI tract. Low in calories, proteins, & nutrients. Typically used before diagnostic tests, before & after surgery, or during episodes of diarrhea or vomiting. Used for less than 3 days. |
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Full Liquid Diet |
Used as Transition diet after Clear Liquid diet. More nutritional, but still lacking iron, zinc, & fiber. |
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Sodium-Restricted Diet |
Treats hypertension, heart failure, edema, myocardial infarction, cirrhosis accompanied by ascites, & chronic renal failure. Low-Fat milk products, fruits and vegetables. NAS - 2K-3K mg/day sodium DASH - 1500 or 2400 mg/day |
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What diet for pt with Dysphagia? |
Mechanical Soft diet |
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Fluid Restriction diet |
For Pt with kidney disease with low urine output, congestive heart failure, directly after myocardial infarction, in hepatic coma, or in the presence of ascites. 500 - 750 mL/day plus amount equal to daily urine output. Also limit sodium intake. |
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Increased Fluids diet |
For: - Kidney stones (renal calculi) - Urinary tract infection - Diarrhea or vomiting - Malabsorption (inflammatory bowel disease) - Burn injured Pts |
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Low-Purine diet |
Treats gout (arthritis). Not a cure. Avoid: - Organ meats high in purine - Alcohol - Selected seafoods |
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Lavage vs Gavage |
Lavage - the therapeutic washing out of an organ. Gavage - the administration of food or drugs by force typically through a tube leading down the throat to the stomach. |
